35份人工合成六倍体小麦的综合评价

为有效利用人工合成六倍体小麦种质资源,拓宽现有种质基础,从国际玉米小麦改良中心引进35份人工合成六倍体小麦,对其株高、穗下节长、穗下茎长、穗长、旗叶面积、分蘖数、穗粒数、生物量、收获系数、产量和千粒重11个主要农艺性状和产量性状,以及籽粒水分含量、蛋白含量、面筋含量、淀粉含量、纤维素含量、硬度、SDS沉降值和Zeleny沉降值8个品质指标进行综合评价。结果表明,这批材料的农艺和产量性状变异系数为7.46%~32.29%,平均为15.36%;多样性指数（H′）为1.85~2.04,平均为1.98。品质性状的变异系数为2.80%~17.55%,平均为10.19%;多样性指数的变化范围为1.87~2.04,平均为1.96。主成分分析表明,前5个主成分构成的信息量为总信息量的82.84%。聚类后方差分析可将材料分为4个类群,类群Ⅲ的产量等相关性状较高,类群Ⅳ的蛋白质含量、纤维含量、面筋含量、硬度和SDS沉降值最高。这批材料的农艺性状、产量和品质性状变异程度大,遗传类型丰富,可作为种质资源加以利用。

Comprehensive Evaluation of 35 Synthetic Hexaploid Wheat Cultivars

In order to use synthetic hexaploid wheat germplasm resources to broaden the germplasm base, 35 hexaploid synthetic wheat cultivars were introduced from the International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center. The 11 main agronomic and yield traits, including plant height, length of the first internodes under the spike, distance from spike to flag leaf ligule, spike length, flag leaf area, tiller number per plant, grain number per spike, biomass, harvest index, yield, 1000-kernel weight, and eight grain quality traits, including moisture, the contents of protein, gluten, starch, and fiber, hardness, SDS and Zeleny were comprehensively evaluated. The results showed that the variation coefficients of 11 agronomic traits ranged from 7.46% to 32.29%, with an average of 15.36%. Diversity indices (H') had an average value of 1.98 and varied from 1.85 to 2.04. The grain quality variation coefficients varied from 2.80% to 17.55% with an average of 10.19%. The diversity indices varied from 1.87 to 2.04 with an average of 1.96. The top five principal components account for 82.84% of the overall quantity of information, according to principal component analysis. Materials could be grouped into four categories. Group III had features those were more yield-related. GroupⅣhad the highest contents of protein, fiber and gluten, hardness and SDS value. Those synthetic heaxaploid wheat materials with high value of variation for agronomic, yield and quality traits could be used as germplasm resources in wheat breeding program.