剑麻叶片纤维细胞形态结构差异分析

观察分析剑麻叶片纤维细胞形态结构特征,及明确取样部位,为深入研究剑麻纤维细胞发育机制及形态提供基础性和实验性的参考。根据剑麻叶片及植株植物学特征确定取样部位,利用透射电镜（TEM）观察2个生长时期成熟叶片的不同区域和3个成熟度叶近轴端纤维细胞形态结构的差异。由电镜图片可知,剑麻不同生长时期叶片的中部和近轴端纤维细胞紧密相连、大小不一,但叶片中部区域多为不含原生质体的细胞壁结构,而近轴端细胞中存在含有细胞器的原生质体。进一步观察了3个成熟度叶片近轴端的纤维细胞形态,发现叶片纤维细胞中的各种细胞器被液泡挤压到细胞边缘,叶绿体为最突出的细胞器。幼年叶和成熟叶中的叶绿体多呈梭形,外膜完整,可见较清晰的片层结构和垛叠区,稚嫩叶的细胞中叶绿体出现皱缩及片层结构排列较紊乱,线粒体肿胀,胞浆内出现空泡,存在细胞核中异染色质增多和质壁分离的现象。综合分析图像信息推测,剑麻叶片纤维细胞生长发育活跃部位位于叶片近轴端,是观察剑麻纤维细胞结构的理想区域。

Analysis of Morphological and Structural Characteristics of Sisal Leaf Fiber Cells

The purpose of this study was to observe morphological properties of sisal sheet fiber cells and to identify the sampling sites and provide basic experimental references for future studies of sisal sheet fiber cell development. According to the botanical characteristics of leaves and plants, a sampling part was defined, and then used transmission electron microscopy (TEM) observation and analysis of the morphological structural characteristics of the leaf fiber cells of different regions of mature leaves in two growth periods and the proximal end in three maturities degrees, fiber cells in the middle and proximal of old and young sisal were closely related and differ in size. The cells in the center of the leaves were mostly devoid of protoplasts, while protoplasts containing organelles were found at the paraxial end of the leaves. The fibrous cell structure at the proximal end of three maturation stages was further observed. The results showed that various organelles were pushed to the cell edge by vacuoles, and chloroplasts were the most prominent organelles. Among them, the chloroplasts in juvenile and mature leaves were mostly spindle-shaped, the membrane was complete, and a clear lamellar structure and stacking area could be seen. The chloroplasts in the infancy leaves shrinked, the lamellar structure was disordered, the mitochondria swell, vacuoles appear in the cytoplasm, and the phenomenon of increased heterochromatin and separation of the cytoplasmic wall in the nucleus still exists in infancy leaves. From the comprehensive analysis of the image information, it could be concluded that the active site of growth and development of sisal leaf fiber cells is at the paraxial end of the leaf.