不同轮耕方式与生物炭对土壤酶活性、土壤养分及小麦和玉米产量的影响

通过研究豫东平原不同轮耕方式与生物炭对土壤酶活性、养分及小麦和玉米产量的影响,为该地区选择适宜的耕作与培肥制度提供理论依据。采用3年田间定位试验,以小麦旋耕玉米免耕不施生物炭（RB0）为对照,设置3种生物炭用量（B1：2.5t/hm²,B2：5.0t/hm²,B3：7.5t/hm²）和2种轮耕耕作方式（R：小麦旋耕玉米免耕,D：小麦深翻玉米免耕）的交互处理。结果表明,在0~20cm土层,与RB0相比,不同处理均能显著提高土壤有机碳、速效养分含量及土壤酶活性,不同轮耕方式下土壤有机碳、速效养分含量及土壤酶活性随生物炭施用量增加而增加,RB3和DB3处理效果最好。在20~40cm土层,D处理显著提高土壤有机碳、速效养分含量及土壤酶活性,其中DB3处理效果最好。与2020年相比,除土壤碱性磷酸酶外,2021年不同处理均不同程度地提高了土壤有机碳、速效养分含量、脲酶和蔗糖酶活性。不同处理均能够显著增加小麦和玉米产量,2020年增幅分别为6.02%~17.52%和5.07%~11.02%,2021年分别为7.01%~20.87%和6.53%~18.13%,DB3处理产量最高,显著高于其他大部分处理。

Effects of Different Rotation Tillage Methods and Biochar on Soil Enzyme Activity,Soil Nutrients and Yield of Wheat and Maize

The effects of different rotation tillage methods and biochar on soil enzyme activity, nutrient and yield in the Eastern Henan Plain were studied, aiming to select suitable tillage and fertilization system. Field experiments of three years were carried out with wheat rotary tillage and maize no tillage+no biochar (RB0) as the control, the three kinds of biochar dosage (B1: 2.5t/ha, B2: 5.0t/ha, B3: 7.5t/ha) and two rotation tillage methods (R: wheat rotary tillage and maize no tillage, D: wheat deep plowing and maize no tillage) were set. The results revealed that different treatments could considerably improve the level of soil organic carbon, accessible nutrients and soil enzyme activity in the 0-20cm soil layer compared to RB0 treatment. Biochar application improved the levels of soil organic carbon, accessible nutrients, and soil enzyme activity under varied rotation tillage, with RB3 and DB3 having the best treatment effect. In 20-40cm soil layer, the treatment of wheat deep plowing and maize no tillage significantly increased the content of soil organic carbon, available nutrients and soil enzyme activity, and DB3 treatment had the best effect. Compared with 2020, except soil alkaline phosphatase, different treatments in 2021 increased soil organic carbon, available nutrient content, urease and invertase activities to varying degrees. Different treatments could significantly increase wheat and maize yields, with the increase rates of 6.02%-17.52% and 5.07%-11.02% in 2020, and 7.01%-20.87% and 6.53%-18.13% in 2021. DB3 treatment had the highest yield, significantly higher than other treatments.