耕作方式对小麦赤霉病和产量的影响

为探究秸秆还田后采取何种耕作方式可以显著降低小麦赤霉病的危害,2016-2021年在河南省漯河市临颍县杜曲镇前韩村开展秸秆还田+耕作方式的定位试验,设置秸秆不还田、耕深25cm（T1）,秸秆全量还田、耕深15（T2）、20（T3）、25（T4）和30cm（T5）处理,研究秸秆还田状态下微调的耕作方式对小麦赤霉病病穗率、病小穗率、病粒率、千粒重、病情指数和脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇（deoxynivalenol,DON）含量的影响。结果表明,T5处理的病穗率、病小穗率、病粒率、千粒重、病情指数和DON含量均是最优值（除T1外）,各处理对小麦赤霉病的影响从优到劣为T1>T5>T4>T3>T2,秸秆不还田T1处理表现最优,秸秆还田下T5处理表现最优,且T1和T5处理的差异不显著。秸秆还田后T5处理的耕作方式最有利于降低小麦赤霉病的危害,高质量连年秸秆还田不会造成赤霉病流行。相关性分析结果显示,病穗率、病小穗率、病粒率、病情指数与DON含量呈极显著正相关,千粒重与DON含量呈极显著负相关。4月份平均气温与小麦赤霉病病情指数呈极显著正相关;秸秆还田可以提高小麦产量,但效果不明显。

Effects of Tillage Methods on Fusarium Head Blight and Yield of Wheat

In order to determine the tillage methods after returning straw to field significantly reducing the hazards of Fusarium head blight, positioning experiment of straw returning with tillage methods were carried out to investigate the effects of fine tillage on diseased ear rate, diseased spikelet rate, diseased kernel rate, 1000-grain weight, disease index and deoxynivalenol (DON) content of Fusarium head blight under straw returning condition in Qianhan village, Duqu town, Linying county, Luohe city, Henan province from 2016 to 2021. Five treatments were set, control, no straw returning, rotary tillage 25cm (T1); straw full returning, rotary tillage 15 (T2), 20 (T3), 25 (T4), 30cm (T5). The results showed that the diseased ear rate, diseased spikelet rate, diseased kernel rate, 1000-grain weight, disease index and DON content of Fusarium head blight in T5 treatment were the optimal values (except T1). The effects of different treatments on wheat scab were as follows: T1>T5>T4>T3>T2. The performance of T1 was the best, and the performance of T5 was the best in treatments of straw returning. The difference between T1 and T5 was not significant. The T5 tillage method after straw returning was most conducive to reducing the damage of Fusarium head blight; high-quality straw returning to year after year would not cause the prevalence of Fusarium head blight. The correlation analysis results showed that the diseased ear rate, diseased spikelet rate, diseased kernel rate and the disease index were extremely significant positive correlated with the content of DON while the 1000-grain weight was extremely significant negative correlated with DON content. The average temperature in April was positively correlated with the disease index of Fusarium head blight. Straw returning could improve wheat yield, but the effect was not obvious.