氮肥减量对优质稻籽粒蛋白质影响及其合理性评价

氮肥作为保证水稻稳产和稻米品质的重要农业生产资源,在保证我国粮食安全方面发挥着重要的作用,但过多的氮肥投入势必对生态环境安全造成不利影响。为了明确浙北地区优质稻生产合理的施氮量,通过大田试验,采用随机区组设计,设置对照（不施肥,N0）、常规施氮（270kg/hm²纯氮,N）、氮肥减量15%（229.5kg/hm²纯氮,N-15%）和氮肥减量30%（189kg/hm²纯氮,N-30%）4个处理,研究氮肥减量对浙北优质稻籽粒蛋白质含量的影响,并对其施氮的合理性进行评价。结果表明,同N处理相比,N-15%和N-30%处理的产量与籽粒后期蛋白质及其组分含量差异不显著。N-15%和N-30%处理的氮素利用率分别提高了1.97%和8.11%,农田氮素盈余分别显著降低了20.56%和23.89%（P<0.05）,通过层次分析法（AHP）对浙北优质稻氮肥减量措施综合评价,得分为N-15%（0.86）>N-30%（0.67）>N（0.65）>N0（0.17）。综上所述,氮肥减量15%（229.5kg/hm²）为浙北地区优质稻生产较为适宜的施氮量。

Effects of Nitrogen Fertilizer Reduction on Grain Protein of High Quality Rice and Its Rationality Evaluation

As an important agricultural production resource to ensure stable rice yield and quality, nitrogen fertilizer plays an important role in ensuring food security in China. However, excessive nitrogen fertilizer input is bound to cause a certain impact on the ecological environment security. To determine the reasonable nitrogen application rate for high-quality rice production in northern Zhejiang, a field experiment was carried out and the random block design was adopted. Four nitrogen application levels were set: contrast (no fertilization, N0), conventional nitrogen application (270kg/ha pure nitrogen, N), nitrogen fertilizer reduction of 15% (229.5kg/ha pure nitrogen, N-15%), and nitrogen fertilizer reduction of 30% (189kg/ha pure nitrogen, N-30%), to investigate the effects of nitrogen reduction on grain protein and evaluate the rationality of nitrogen application in northern Zhejiang. The results showed that the contents of protein and its components, rice yield under nitrogen reduction were no significant difference with N-15% and N-30% treatments. N-15% and N-30% treatments could increase nitrogen use efficiency by 1.97%, 8.11% and decrease nitrogen surplus by 20.56%, 23.89% (P < 0.05), respectively. The comprehensive evaluation score of nitrogen reduction measures for high-quality rice in northern Zhejiang by analytic hierarchy process was N-15% (0.86) > N-30% (0.67) > N (0.65) > N0 (0.17). In conclusion, 15% reduction of nitrogen fertilizer (229.5kg/ha) was the most suitable nitrogen application rate for high-quality rice production in northern Zhejiang.