水氮互作对不同小麦品种生理参数及产量形成的影响

为明确河北山前平原区合理的小麦水氮互作方式,以济麦22（JM-22）和藁优2018（GY-2018）为材料,设置高氮/高水（GD/GS）、中氮/高水（ZD/GS）、低氮/高水（DD/GS）、高氮/中水（GD/ZS）、中氮/中水（ZD/ZS）、低氮/中水（DD/ZS）、高氮/低水（GD/DS）、中氮/低水（ZD/DS）和低氮/低水（DD/DS）9个处理,研究水氮互作对不同小麦品种生理参数和产量形成的影响。结果表明,随着水氮量的增加,株高、旗叶面积和地上部干重增加,旗叶面积成熟期在ZD处理下最大,且GS>ZS>DS,GY-2018的植株生长和干物质积累量高于JM-22。此外,水氮越多,2个品种的叶绿素相对含量（SPAD）越大,各处理均表现出GD>ZD>DD的变化趋势,而GS、ZS和DS在3个时期无明显变化规律,2个品种相比较,JM-22的SPAD值较大,可溶性蛋白和可溶性糖含量均表现为GD>ZD>DD,而后期ZD处理最高,且GS>ZS>DS,GY-2018较JM-22更有利于碳水化合物的积累,丙二醛和活性氧含量随着施氮量的增加而降低,而超氧化物歧化酶和过氧化物酶活性却升高,但不同灌水量使酶活性在不同时期的变化不同,GY-2018的酶活性更高,有利于延缓后期叶片衰老。产量及其构成因素均表现为ZD处理下最高,且GS>ZS>DS,JM-22在ZD/GS处理下的氮肥生产效率和水分利用效率最高,产量也最高,为9927.78kg/hm²,较GY-2018提高10.07%。综上,ZD/GS（210kg/hm²,1200m³/hm²）是最理想的水氮互作方式。

Effects of Water-Nitrogen Interaction on Physiological Parameters and Yield Formation of Different Wheat Varieties

To investigate a reasonable water-nitrogen interaction model at mountain front plain area in Hebei province and provide theoretical support for wheat development in that location, the influence of water-nitrogen interaction on physiological parameters and yield formation of different wheat varieties using Jimai 22 (JM-22) and Gaoyou 2018 (GY-2018) as materials were investigated and GD/GS, ZD/GS, DD/GS, GD/ZS, ZD/ZS, DD/ZS, GD/DS, ZD/DS, and DD/DS nine treatments were set. The results showed that with the increasing of water nitrogen, plant height, flag leaf area and aboveground dry weight became larger, flag leaf area was the largest under ZD treatment in maturation stage, GS>ZS>DS, moreover, plant growth and dry matter accumulation of GY-2018 were higher than that of JM-22. In addition, the more water and nitrogen, the greater SPAD value of two varieties and then each treatment showed GD>ZD>DD, while GS, ZS and DS had no distinct change in three stages, SPAD value of JM-22 was large. Soluble protein and sugar contents were showed GD>ZD>DD, but the highest in the later stage was ZD treatment, GS>ZS>DS, furthermore, GY-2018 was more conducive to carbohydrate accumulation than that of JM-22. Malonyldialdehyde and reactive oxygen contents decreased with the increasing of nitrogen application, but superoxide dismutase and peroxidase enzyme activities increased, however, the changes of enzyme activities at different stages were different with different irrigation amount, GY-2018 was higher, which was helpful to delay senescence of leaves in later stage. The yield and its components showed the highest under ZD treatment, and GS>ZS>DS, besides JM-22 nitrogen fertilizer production efficiency and water use efficiency under ZD/GS treatment was the highest, and with the highest yield of 9927.78kg/ha, which increased 10.07% compared with GY-2018. From these results, it was concluded that ZD/GS (210kg/ha, 1200m³/ha) was the most suitable mode of water and nitrogen interaction.