H2O2对吸胀冷害下花生种子萌发的影响

为探明H₂O₂浸种对吸胀冷害下花生种子萌发和生理代谢的影响,选择豫花9326和豫花37为材料,用50mmol/L H₂O₂进行低温（5℃）浸种,以灭菌水低温浸种为对照,进行发芽试验。结果表明,与对照相比,处理后豫花9326的发芽势、发芽率和发芽指数分别提高了31.25%、18.52%、50.53%,豫花37分别提高了14.58%、3.64%、36.13%,种子电导率分别显著降低了47.67%和23.67%,其中豫花9326发芽相关指标增长比例高于豫花37。与对照相比,用H₂O₂处理的豫花9326在萌发的第0、4、6天丙二醛含量分别降低了0.22%、7.05%和32.55%,可溶性糖含量分别显著提高了48.27%、53.42%和52.29%,可溶性蛋白含量分别显著增加了59.66%、13.04%和43.76%,脱落酸（ABA）含量呈先降低后升高的变化趋势,赤霉素（GA）含量和GA/ABA比值均呈显著增长的趋势。H₂O₂浸种可能是通过维持种子细胞膜的完整性、增加可溶性物质含量以及调控内源激素含量,来提高花生种子对吸胀冷害的抗性,从而提高发芽率、发芽势和发芽指数。本研究可为花生萌芽期耐寒性的调控技术提供方法和理论依据。

Effects of H2O2 on the Seed Germination of Peanut under Imbibition and Chilling Injury

To study the effects of soaking seeds with H₂O₂ on peanut seed germination and physiological metabolism under imbibition and chilling injury, peanut varieties, Yuhua 9326 and Yuhua 37, were treated as materials soaking with 50mmol/L H₂O₂ and sterilized water as a low temperature control (5℃). The results showed that the germination vigor, germination rate and germination index of Yuhua 9326 treated with H₂O₂ increased by 31.25%, 18.52%, 50.53%, Yuhua 37 increased by 14.58%, 3.64%, 36.13%, respectively, seed electrical conductivities were significantly reduced by 47.67% and 23.67%, respectively, and the growth rate of germination indicators of Yuhua 9326 was higher than that of Yuhua 37. Compared with the control, the malondialdehyde content of Yuhua 9326 was decreased by 0.22%, 7.05% and 32.55% on the 0th, 4th and 6th day of germination, respectively, the soluble sugar contents were significantly reduced by 48.27%, 53.42% and 52.29%, respectively, the soluble protein contents were significantly increased by 59.66%, 13.04% and 43.76%, respectively, the abscisic acid (ABA) content were decreased and then increased, and the gibberellin content (GA) and the GA/ABA ratio showed a significant increasing trend. H₂O₂ seed soaking could improve chilling tolerance during the germination phase by maintaining the integrity of cell membranes, increasing soluble matter levels and regulating endogenous hormone levels, further increasing chilling resistance of seed under imbibition and chilling injury, so as to improve germination rate, germination vigor and germination index. This study provided a method and theoretical basis for the research and development of techniques to regulate chilling tolerance during the germination period of peanuts.