沼液替代化肥对冬小麦产量的影响

在等施氮量条件下,设置了不同沼液替代化肥比例,分别为沼液替代化肥氮0%（B₁,即全部施用化肥）、50%（B₂）、75%（B₃）和100%（B₄,即全部施用沼液）,其中化学复合肥料分别选用C₁（N:P₂O₅:K₂O=20:20:6）和C₂（N:P₂O₅:K₂O=17:17:17）,研究冬小麦形态指标、干物质累积量以及产量等对其的响应。结果显示,不同沼液替代比例下,冬小麦秸秆生物量和地上部总生物量均表现为B₂>B₁>B₃>B₄,与B₁、B₂和B₃处理相比,B₄处理并不利于冬小麦地上部干物质的累积。与C₁处理相比,C₂处理的收获指数显著增加。主效应分析显示,沼液替代化肥的比例和化学复合肥料的种类对冬小麦相关形态指标建成、产量及其构成因素均无显著影响,在维持现有产量水平的情况下,配施沼液可节省大量氮磷钾化肥,提高经济效益,具有推广应用价值。

Effects of Biogas Slurry Instead of Chemical Fertilizer on Winter Wheat Yield

A two-factor experiment (the proportion of biogas replacing chemical fertilizer and the types of chemical fertilizer; B₁ indicated chemical fertilizer only, B₂ indicated that 50% of the total N in chemical fertilizer was replaced by biogas slurry, B₃ indicated that 75% of the total N in chemical fertilizer was replaced by biogas slurry, B₄ indicated that 100% of the total N in chemical fertilizer was replaced by biogas slurry; C1 indicated a chemical compound fertilizer N:P₂O₅:K₂O=20:20:6 was applied, C₂ indicated a chemical compound fertilizer with N:P₂O₅:K₂O=17:17:17 was applied) was set in this experiment to study the influence on the morphological indexes, dry material accumulation and yield of winter wheat. The results showed that under different biogas slurry replacement proportion, the biomass of winter wheat straw and the total aboveground biomass were present as B₂ > B₁ > B₃ > B₄. Compared with the B₁, B₂ and B₃ treatments, B₄ treatment was not conducive to dry matter accumulation in shoot of winter wheat. The harvest index of winter wheat under C₂ treatment was significantly higher than that of C₁ treatment. Main effect analysis showed that the proportion of biogas slurry instead of chemical fertilizer and the types of chemical compound fertilizer had no significant effect on winter wheat morphological indexes, yield and its components. Biogas slurry instead of chemical fertilizer thus could save a lot of N, P, K fertilizers with the yield unchanged, and improved economic returns, thus had a value for application in agricultural production.