不同花色观赏向日葵杂交后代主要观赏性状遗传规律研究

为了解不同花色的观赏向日葵杂交后代主要观赏性状的遗传规律,分别以舌状花黄色和白色的观赏向日葵为父母本进行正反交,F₁自交,获得F₂花色分离群体,分析2个群体后代花色及柱头色分离情况,并对株高、盘径、叶片数、舌状花瓣数、分枝数、柱头色及舌状花瓣色等7个性状进行遗传变异分析。结果表明,2个群体杂交后代F₁舌状花均为黄色,F₂均分离出4种花色,表明亲本黄色由多基因控制,属于数量性状和质量性状。F₁的柱头均为紫色,F₂分离出绿色和紫色,分离比例约为1:3,符合孟德尔遗传规律,柱头紫色是由独立等位基因控制的,属于质量性状,柱头紫色对绿色是完全显性;2个群体中超亲分离现象一致,其中分枝数和叶片数高于亲本范围,舌状花瓣数低于亲本范围,存在超亲分离现象;在中亲优势分析中,YW比WY群体中亲优势明显;F₂性状相关性表现基本一致,株高与花瓣数、分枝数和叶片数,盘径与花瓣数和分枝数,花瓣数与叶片数和分枝数,分枝数与叶片数,花色与柱头色之间均呈极显著相关性。通过对不同花色杂交后代重要观赏性状的遗传规律进行探讨,为观赏向日葵的育种工作提供借鉴。

Study on Inheritance of Main Ornamental Characteristics in Hybrid Progenies of Ornamental Sunflower with Different Flower Colors

In order to understand the inheritance of main ornamental traits in the hybrid progeny of ornamental sunflower with different flower colors. The ornamental sunflowers with yellow and white ligulate flower were used as parents to reciprocal cross and F₁ self-cross to obtain F₂ flower color separation population. The separation of flower color and stigma color of the offspring of the two populations, and the genetic variation of seven traits including plant height, disk diameter, number of blades, number of lingual petals, number of branches, stigma color and color of lingual petal were analyzed. The results showed that the ligulate flower of F₁ of the two populations were yellow, and four flower colors were isolated from the F₂, indicating that the parental yellow controlled by multiple genes, belonged to quantitative and qualitative traits. The stigma color of F₁ was purple, and F₂ were green and purple, with a separation ratio of about 1:3, which conformed to Mendelian genetic law. The stigma color of purple was controlled by independent alleles, which was a qualitative trait and was completely dominant to green; the superparental separations of the two populations were the same, the number of branches and leaves were higher than that of the parental range, and the number of lingual petals was lower than the parental range, there was over parental segregation. In the analysis of mid-parent heterosis, YW group had obvious advantage than WY; the correlation of traits of F₂were almost the same, plant height and number of petals, number of branches and number of blades, disk diameter and number of petals and number of branches, number of petals and number of blades and branches, number of branches and blades, color of flower and stigma were highly significant correlation. The inheritance of important ornamental traits of hybrids with different flower colors was discussed, which provided a reference for the breeding of ornamental sunflowers.