大白菜-辣椒轮作中土壤养分限制因子及平衡状况研究

采用肥料定位试验与土壤养分系统研究法相结合的方法,探讨北方裸菜地主要种植方式大白菜—辣椒轮作中土壤自然供氮、磷、钾、锌、硼能力,土壤氮、磷、钾的收支平衡及相应土壤养分的消长状况。主要结果:大白菜—辣椒轮作中:全肥处理(NPKZnB)大白菜和辣椒的年均产量分别为111.6,23.7 t/hm2,-N、-P、-K的相对产量分别为全肥的56.7%,63.6%,84.7%;辣椒上-N-、P-、K、-Zn-、B的相对产量分别为全肥的45.8%,45.9%,67.7%,88.0%,84.9%,差异均达到显著水平。大白菜限制产量的因子为:N>P>K,辣椒为:N,P>K>Zn,B。P2O5用量180kg/hm2,K2O用量300 kg/hm2的处理,土壤磷和钾养分分别盈余70.3%和2.0%,土壤有效磷(Olsen-P)、有效钾分别年均增加3.3和37.2 mg/kg,积累的土壤有效磷和有效钾分别占土壤磷和钾积累量的7.1%和28.3%。大白菜茬口N,P2O5,K2O推荐用量为225,90,150 kg/hm2,辣椒茬口分别为337.5,213,337.5 kg/hm2并配合施用一定的锌和硼肥。

Investigation of Restrict Yield Nutrient and the Balance of Input and Output N, P, K in Rotation of Chinese Cabbage and Capsicum

In this study on the impacts of N,P,K,Zn and B fertilization on yields of Chinese Cabbage and Capsicum rotation in Aquic-cinnamon soils was carried out from 2001 to 2004.In contrast to the control with N,P,K,B and Zn fertilizer applied,-N,-P,-K treatments significantly reduced Chinese Cabbage yield,the ratio were 56.7%,63.6%,84.7% respectively,but the ratio in the Capsicum were 45.8%,45.9% and 67.7%,additionally,significant impacts of B and Zn fertilization on Capsicum were found.Through this study,the order of impacts of N,P and K fertilization on Chinese Cabbage were N>P>K,and N,P>K>Zn,B on Capsicum.Phosphorus and Nitrogen surplus were 70.3% and 2.0% in the treatment with phosphate(180 kg/ha P2O5)and potassium(300 kg/ha K2O)applied ,but deficit in-N,-P and-K treatments.The concention of Olsen-P and the available-K increased 3.3 and 37.2 mg/kg annually.The recommending of N,P2O5 and K2O application rate for Chinese Cabbage are 225,90,150 kg/ha respectively,and 337.5,135,337.5 kg/ha for Capsicum.