无壳葫芦根腐病病原菌的鉴定及生物学特性初步研究

近年来随着内蒙古无壳葫芦种植面积不断扩大,其病害也越来越严重,其中无壳葫芦根腐病是最普遍、最严重的一种病害。通过对无壳葫芦根腐病的病原菌进行分离、鉴定,确定该病原菌为茄镰孢(Fusarium solani)。本试验利用孢子悬滴法测量孢子萌发10 h后菌丝长度来研究病原菌的生物学特性,比较方便、省时、降低试验费用。该病菌在25℃条件下,菌丝生长速度最快,适应的pH范围较广,偏向于酸性;大型分生孢子萌发条件要求比较宽泛,小型分生孢子萌发条件要求较高,在PS培养液中萌发最好,土壤浸液能够促进分生孢子萌发以及菌丝生长;分生孢子的致死温度为60℃。

Identification and preliminary studies on biological characteristics of the pathogen of shell gourd root rot

Shell gourd is one of the major crops in Bayannur City and the root rot is the main disease in the growing areas. Via isolation and identification, we confirmed that Fusarium solani (Mart.) Sacc. was the main pathogenic fungus for this disease. We firstly used conidium drop method to detect the hyphal length at 10 hours after the spores germinated. In this way, we could analyze the biological characteristics of the pathogen more conveniently and economically. Our results showed that the mycelia of this pathogen grew fastest at 25 ℃, were adapted to a wider range of pH values, and preferred acidity. Large spore germination conditions were broad, while small conidia required stricter germination conditions, germinating the best in the PS medium, and soil extract could promote spore germination and mycelial growth; the lethal temperature to conidiospore was 60 ℃.