双峰驼跖趾关节解剖结构

采用大体解剖学方法，研究了成年双峰驼的８个跖趾关节，并与马、牛、羊、猪、犬等动物的对等器官进行了比较。结果发现，双峰驼跖趾关节的形态结构有以下显著特征：（１）跖骨远端关节面后部有矢状嵴，近趾节骨近端关节面后部有与之相对应的矢状沟，这种结构与跖行动物和趾行动物相类似；（２）籽骨上没有对应近趾节骨近端的关节面；（３）籽骨间韧带只连接同一趾上的２个籽骨，与牛的将２趾的４个近籽骨连在一起的结构不同；（４）轴侧侧副韧带不像牛的那样与对侧的同名韧带共同起始于跖骨远端滑车间切迹，而是分别起始于此切迹的轴侧韧带窝及韧带结节；（５）轴侧侧副韧带仅为１层，而远轴侧侧副韧带分为２层；（６）籽骨直韧带、趾间趾节骨籽骨韧带及趾间近韧带均缺如。

Anatomical Structure of the Metatarsophalangeal Joints(Articulationes metatarsophalangeae) in Bactrian Camel (Camelus bactrianus)

Eight metatarsophalangeal articulations of adult bactrian camels were carefully dissected and compared with the correspondent joints in horses, cattle, sheep, swine and dogs using macroscopical anatomic methods. The result shows that the metatarsophalangeal joint of bactrian camel has the following notable characteristics in shapes and structures. (1)There is a sagittal crest at the posterior pars on the articular surface of the distal extremitas of the metatarsal bone, and there is a sagittal groove corresponding to the crest at the posterior pars on the articular surface of the proximal extremity of the proximal phalangeal bone. The structure is similar to that in Plantigrade and Digitigrade. (2)There is no an articular surface articulated with the proximal extremity of the proximal phalangeal bone on the sesamoid bones. (3)The intersesamoid ligament connects only the two sesamoid bones in each of the third or fourth phalanx, but in cattle it connects together the four sesamoid bones in the two phalanxes. (4)As compared with the corresponding structure in cattle, the axial collateral ligament does not originate together with the opposite same ligament from the notch of the distal end of the metatarsal bone, but it originates respectively from the axial ligamental fossa and axial ligamental tuber at the notch. (5)The axial collateral ligament is different from the abaxial collateral ligament in structure, there is only one layer in the former, but two layers in the latter. (6)The straight sesamoid ligament (lig. sesamoideum rectum), the interphalangeal phalangosesamoid ligaments (ligg. phalangosesamoidea interdigitalia) and the proximal interphalangeal ligament (lig. interdigitale proximale)are all absent.