栽培方式对夏直播花生植株生长及产量的影响

为了探讨麦后夏直播花生的适宜栽培方式及其作用效果，为指导生产实践提供依据。在田间试验条件下，以‘青花7号’花生品种为材料，研究了不同栽培方式对夏直播花生植株生长和产量的影响。结果表明：采用花生夏直播高产保护性栽培法，可矮化株高，主茎高度较地膜覆盖的减少15.7%，防止徒长和倒伏；促进营养器官干物质积累，增加有效开花数、有效果针数；促进荚果发育，单株结果数较其他处理增加0.8~2.0个，公斤果数减少23.8~66.5个；显著增加干物质向荚果中分配的比例，经济系数提高0.08~0.17，荚果产量提高5.5%~29.2%。地膜覆盖的植株生育状况和产量优于露地栽培的，秸秆还田的优于不还田的。研究认为，在本试验条件下，采用花生夏直播高产保护性栽培法是取得夏直播花生高产的最佳栽培方式。

Effects of Cultivation Methods on Plant Growth and Yield of Summer-planting Peanut

The paper explored the suitable cultivation methods and their effects of summer-planting peanut after winter wheat harvest, in order to provide a basis for guiding the production practices of peanut. Under field conditions, ‘Qinghua 7’ was used to study the influences of cultivation methods on plant growth and yield of summer-planting peanut. The results showed that: compared with conventional cultivation methods, high-yield protective cultivation style of summer-planting peanut could dwarf the plant height, so that the main height under the method decreased 15.7% compared with plastic film mulching methods, which could effectively prevent excessive growth and lodging of peanut. High-yield protective cultivation style of summer-planting peanut promoted dry matter accumulation of vegetative organs of peanut increased the number of effective flowering and fruit pin of peanut. Moreover, high-yield protective cultivation style of summer-planting peanut could promote the pod development of peanut, and the pod number per plant increased from 0.8 to 2.0 than that under other treatments, and the pod number per kg reduced from 23.8 to 66.5. High-yield protective cultivation style of summer-planting peanut significantly increased the allocation proportion of dry matter to the pod, raised the economic coefficient from 0.08 to 0.17, and increased pod yield by 5.5% to 29.2%, compared with conventional cultivation methods. The growth-development status of peanut under plastic film mulching condition was better than that under the open field cultivation, as well as strew returning cultivation style was better than no-straw returning. It concluded that, high-yield protective cultivation method is the best cultivation method of summer planting peanut achieving high yield under the conditions of this experiment.