阴山北麓春季土壤风蚀对不同土地利用表土有机质的影响

随着社会经济的发展,人类对土地利用的强度不断增大,这改变了自然土壤表层原有的性质,并对风产生不同的抗蚀效果。本文通过对阴山北麓不同利用方式下的土壤进行野外调查取样和室内理化分析,研究了不同土地利用方式中土壤风蚀对表土有机质含量的影响。结果表明:第一,在阴山北麓地区,不同土地利用方式下,土壤有机质的含量存在着显著差异,不同土地利用类型下的土壤有机质含量由高到低的顺序依次为:草地(2.698%)、退化林地(2.403%)、人造林地(2.298%)、灌丛(1.381%)、耕地(1.360%)、退耕地(1.145%)、未成林林地(0.959%)。第二,温度及风速大小是影响阴山北麓地区土壤有机质变化的最主要因素。第三,土壤有机质含量的变化不是渐变的,而是一个突变的过程。因此,针对阴山北麓处于西北风主风向地带、风速大、土壤风蚀易发生的实际情况,在其迎风坡应尽量减少耕地,增大草地及灌木林面积,以增强土壤的抗风蚀能力、增加表土的有机质,从而提高土壤肥力,使土壤资源得以保护。

Study on the Effects of Wind Erosion in Different Land use Types on the Topsoil Organic Matters in North Foot of the Yinshan Mountain in Spring

The land use intensity is continuously enhancing,with the development of the social economy,which changes the natural property of surface soil and brings about different resistance to anti-wind erosion.In this research,soils of different land use were investigated and sampled in the north foot of the Yinshan Mountain.Soil physical and chemical characteristics were analyzed in the laboratory,the influence factors to the topsoil organic matters were researched,and then some conclusions were shown: Firstly,the content of soil organic matters is various in different land use in the north foot of the Yinshan Mountain,the order of content of soil organic matters in different land use is grassland(2.698%),degenerated woodland(2.403%),plantation(2.298%),cluster(1.381%),plough land(1.360%),degenerated plough land(1.145%) and under woodland(0.959%).Secondly,temperature and wind velocity are the main factors that influence the soil organic matters in the north foot of the Yinshan Mountain.Thirdly,the content of soil organic matters is not changed gradually but abruptly.Consequently,in order to strengthen the resistance to wind erosion and increase the content of organic matters in topsoil,plough-land in windward side is decreased as soon as possible and grassland and shrubbery should be increased.All of that will be improve soil fertilizers and protect the soil resources.