Pyrethroid toxicology: Mouse intracerebral structure-toxicity relationships |
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Authors: | Lowell J Lawrence John E Casida |
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Institution: | Pesticide Chemistry and Toxicology Laboratory, Department of Entomological Sciences, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720 USA |
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Abstract: | Mouse intracerebral (ic) toxicity studies with 29 pyrethroids confirm earlier mouse intraperitoneal (ip) and rat oral and intravenous findings in three respects: α-cyano-3-phenoxybenzyl esters produce choreoathetosis, convulsions, and salivation, whereas compounds lacking the α-cyano group yield tremors and convulsions; high stereospecificity is involved in inducing both poisoning syndromes; large toxicity differences for (1R,trans) vs (1R,cis) resmethrin and permethrin do not extend to ethanomethrin and the cyanophenoxybenzyl esters. The ic investigations further establish that: profuse salivation is not unique for pyrethroids with the α-cyano group; the inactivity of (1R,trans) resmethrin in the brain is not due to detoxification; pyrethroids acting most rapidly in the brain are those with the highest knockdown activity for insects; the cyanophenoxybenzyl esters, in comparison with the non-cyano pyrethroids, have a high ic toxicity relative to their synergized ip toxicity indicating the importance of the brain in the Type II poisoning syndrome. |
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