塔里木盆地南缘古遗址的分布特征及其与环境演变和人类活动的关系

通过考古发掘资料、零星的历史记载资料和环境变迁研究成果的综合研究表明,塔里木盆地南缘的古人类遗址分布在时空上具有自身独特的特征:在时间上有相对集中于某一时期的特征,塔里木盆地南缘的古城废弃主要集中在4~5、7~8、11和13世纪四个时期;在空间上具有逐步向山前地带退缩的趋势。另外,古城集中废弃的时间与气候的暖干突变和战争高峰期有着很好的耦合关系,这可能揭示气候的暖干突变和频繁的战争是造成古城废弃的直接原因;4~5世纪古城废弃的主要原因可能是气候的暖干突变;7~8世纪古城废弃的主要原因可能是西突厥贵族暴乱、以及吐蕃不断侵犯南疆地区;11世纪古城废弃的主要原因可能是气候的暖干突变和长时间的宗教战争;13世纪古城废弃的主要原因可能是海都、都哇叛乱对南疆地区的侵扰。另外,一些不合理的人类生产活动行为造成生态环境的恶化对这些古城的废弃也有着一定的影响。

Distribution Feature of Ancient Ruins in South Edge of Tarim Basin and Relationship with Environmental Changes and Human Activities

Based on the archaeological documents and the historical records,it was found that the ancient ruins in south edge of Tarim basin have inimitable distribution feature: The abandonment time concentrated on certain periodes;The ancient ruins in south edge of Tarim basin abandoned in the 4th~5th century,7th~8th century,11th century and 13th century.The spacial feature has the trend that the human being's living spaces were dwindling.The abandonment time of ancient ruins coincided with the abrupt climate change period and the peak of war greatly.In 4th-5th century,the abandonment cause of ancient ruins was probably the abrupt warm-dry change of the climate.In 7th~8th century,the abandonment cause of ancient ruins was probably the rebellion of the west Turki and the inbreak of Tibetan.In 11th century,the abandonment cause of ancient ruins was probably the warm-dry climate and the Crusade.In 13th century,the abandonment cause of ancient ruins was probably the rebellion of Haidu and Duwa.Moreover,some unconscionable human activity destroed entironment and accelerated the abandonment process of ancient ruins.