基于系统工程和统计学理论的中国土地整治体系框架构建

中国将生态文明建设提升到国家战略高度,对土地整治工作提出新要求,亟需土地整治体系顶层设计的指引。该文结合国内外土地整治体系的研究现状,在分析现有土地整治体系和土地科学体系在内容组成、侧重点和框架层次等差异的基础上,从人类对土地利用和认知的逻辑思维过程出发,将土地整治体系划分为土地整治核心层、土地整治配套层和土地整治准则层3个层次,具体包括技术体系、理论体系、学科体系、管理体系、文化体系和法制体系等6个部分。依据系统工程理论和统计学理论,提出了土地整治体系框架的构建方法和基本原则,并构建了土地整治体系框架。该体系具有系统性、开创性和引导性3个特点,完善了土地整治体系,形成一个相对系统、科学的体系框架,对中国土地整治事业持续发展具有重要的理论与实践意义。

System framework of land consolidation based on systematic engineering and statistics theory in China

Abstract: Because of the contradiction of more people and less land, combining with the threat of land degradation and pollution, land consolidation has become the main way resolving these problems. In the end of 1990's, China issued Land Administration Law, which meant that land development, land arrangement and land reclamation had been promoted to law level and showed the government's attention to land consolidation. At present, ecological civilization has been treated as the national strategy, which needs system framework for land consolidation designed at top level including quantity control, quality management and ecology protection. Unfortunately, a systematic and scientific land consolidation system has not been established on account of theory research work falling behind application work. This paper compared the content, importance and framework level of land consolidation system and land scientific system based on the overseas and domestic research status. Starting from the logic view of land use and cognition, which manifested the procedure of needing land, understanding land, controlling land, fearing land and sustainably using land, the system was divided into the core layer, the supporting layer and the criterion layer. The core layer consisted of technology, theory and discipline. The technology and theory could set up the discipline, while the discipline could accelerate the development of the former two. The supporting layer consisted of management and culture, which could facilitate each other. The criterion layer was land consolidation law, which was treated as a basic standard and guideline for the other systems. It presented the method and principle of how to establish the system framework according to the theory of system engineering and statistics. The results showed that land consolidation system was composed of 6 contents including technology system, theoretical system, disciplinary system, management system, cultural system and legal system. Firstly, land consolidation technology system was the core, which included region classification, investigation, land planning, engineer designation, engineering construction, evaluation, information, technology criterion. Secondly, land consolidation theory system was the basis, which included basic theory, methodology and application. Thirdly, land consolidation discipline system was the impetus, which included major cultivation, personnel training, platform construction, communication and cooperation. Fourthly, land consolidation management system was the main body, which included management object, management subject and management rule. Fifthly, land consolidation cultural system was the soul, which included material culture, spiritual culture and rule culture. Last but not least, land consolidation legal system was criterion, which included law, regulation, rule, normative documentation and institution. The system had the properties of systematicness, innovation and guidance. Systematicness could reflect the attributes' characteristics and the relationship of all the sub-systems. Innovation could fill the current content of land consolidation system using culture connotation and legal criterion. Guidance meant that the technical perfection, theoretical innovation, discipline cultivation and management diversity showed the main development direction of land consolidation in the future. The new view of land consolidation system should be changed, for example, the technology system, theoretical system and discipline system could be treated as core part from only technology system and management system, while management and culture system as the supporting part, and legal system as the criterion. It can be concluded that system framework of land consolidation is a dynamic system, whose content still need to be added and amended in the future.