不同年龄时期石榴园土壤养分、微生物量及酶活性 |
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引用本文: | 朱海云,马瑜,柯杨,郭晓成. 不同年龄时期石榴园土壤养分、微生物量及酶活性[J]. 土壤通报, 2022, 53(3): 588-595. DOI: 10.19336/j.cnki.trtb.2021090801 |
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作者姓名: | 朱海云 马瑜 柯杨 郭晓成 |
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作者单位: | 1.陕西省微生物研究所,陕西 西安 710043 |
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基金项目: | 陕西省重点研发计划项目(2021NY-052); |
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摘 要: | 目的 明确不同年龄时期石榴园土壤养分、土壤微生物量、土壤酶活性状况,为不同年龄时期的石榴园土壤管理提供参考依据。 方法 采集陕西石榴主产区处于生长期、结果初期和盛果期三个年龄时期的石榴园土样,测定土壤养分、土壤微生物量以及土壤酶活性,并分析它们之间的相关性。 结果 ① 陕西石榴主产区土壤中碱解氮的含量在结果初期和盛果期显著高于生长期,但整体含量均较低;速效磷和速效钾含量随石榴树年龄增加显著递增,且速效磷的含量在各年龄时期均较高,而速效钾的含量仅在生长期偏低。② 微生物数量随石榴树年龄增加逐渐增多,且细菌数量显著递增,而真菌数量和放线菌数量在结果初期和盛果期均显著高于生长期,但在结果初期和盛果期之间无显著性差异。③ 土壤脲酶、蔗糖酶和碱性磷酸酶活性随石榴树年龄显著递增,而过氧化氢酶活性则显著递减。④相关性分析结果表明,土壤脲酶、蔗糖酶和碱性磷酸酶活性与土壤中的细菌和真菌数量正相关,而过氧化氢酶活性则与土壤中的细菌和真菌数量负相关;仅蔗糖酶与放线菌数量显著相关;这四种酶活性均与碱解氮、速效磷以及速效钾含量显著相关;真菌及放线菌数量均与碱解氮、速效磷和速效钾显著相关,而细菌数量与速效磷和速效钾极显著相关,但与碱解氮没有显著相关性。 结论 不同年龄时期的石榴园土壤养分、土壤微生物数量及土壤酶活性具有一定的差异,而且土壤微生物数量及土壤酶活性均与土壤养分密切相关。
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关 键 词: | 石榴主产区 土壤养分 土壤微生物 土壤酶活性 相关性分析 年龄时期 |
收稿时间: | 2021-09-10 |
Soil Nutrients,Microbial Quantities and Enzyme Activities in the Pomegranate Orchards with Different Age Stages |
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Affiliation: | 1.Microbiology Institute of Shaanxi, Xi’an 710043, China2.Agriculture Technology Extension Center of Xi’an, Xi’an 710007, China |
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Abstract: | Objective To ascertain the conditions of soil nutrients, microbial quantities, enzyme activities of pomegranate orchards with different age stages and their correlations, the references were provided for soil scientific management of pomegranate orchards. Method soil samples were collected from pomegranate orchards with different age stages, then the soil nutrients, microbial quantities, enzyme activities were determined and their correlations were analyzed. Result ① The contents of available nitrogen (N) in the soils of the early stage of fruiting and the full bearing period were significantly higher than that of the growing period, but the contents of available N were very low on the whole according to the classification standards for soil nutrients in The Second Soil Census of China. The contents of rapidly available phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) in the soils increased significantly with the age stages. The contents of rapidly available P were high in the soils of all the orchards, and the contents of rapidly available potassium (K) was low only in the soils of the growing period. ② The microbial quantity increased with the age stages, and the number of bacteria increased significantly. The numbers of fungi and actinomycetes in the soils of the early fruiting period and the full bearing period were significantly higher than those of the growing period, however, there was no significant differences in the numbers of fungi and actinomycetes between the early fruiting period and the full bearing period. ③ The activities of urease, sucrase and alkaline phosphatase increased significantly with the age stages, while the activities of catalase decreased significantly with the age stages. ④ According to the correlation analysis, the activities of urease, sucease and alkaline phosphatase were positively correlated with the numbers of bacteria and fungi in the soils, whereas the activities of catalase was negatively correlated with the numbers of them, and surcease was the only one whose activities were significantly correlated with the number of actinomycetes of the four enzymes. The activities of the four enzymes were significantly correlated with available N, rapidly available P and K. The numbers of fungi and actinomycetes were all significantly correlated with available N, rapidly available P and K, while the number of bacteria was very significantly correlated with rapidly available P and K but not significantly correlated with available N. Conclusion There are some differences in the soil nutrients, microbial quantities and enzyme activities of the pomegranate orchards in different age stages, and the microbial quantities and enzyme activities are closely related with soil nutrients. Thus, the pomegranate orchards should be managed scientifically according to their age stage. Meanwhile, the microbial quantities and enzyme activities could be regarded as indicators of soil fertility, and it could provide theoretical reference for the soil management of the pomegranate orchards in different age stages. |
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