黄河滩区（河南段）土壤营养状况分析

探明黄河滩区土壤营养状况，以期为黄河滩区经济林的适种性及合理的施肥措施提供参考依据。以河南原阳县滩区土壤为研究对象，测定土壤中大量速效养分氮磷钾，中微量元素交换性钙、交换性镁、有效硫、有效锌、有效铜、有效铁、有效锰、有效硼，及pH、有机质和土壤阳离子交换量含量，分析其土壤质地类型及土壤养分间的相关性。结果表明，黄河滩区土壤质地类型可以分为砂土、壤砂土、砂壤土、壤土、粉壤土和粉土6种；土壤平均pH 8.43，属碱性土壤；土壤有机质、土壤阳离子交换量和大量速效养分氮磷钾含量整体上较缺乏；除有效硼外，其他中微量营养元素含量均较为丰富；相关性分析表明，大多数营养元素间存在显著的相关性，且有机质、全氮、有效磷、速效钾、交换性镁、有效铜、有效铁、有效锰、有效硼、CEC与pH均呈负相关关系，交换性钙、有效硫、有效锌与其他营养成分间相关性较低。黄河滩区（河南段）非常适宜种植经济林，在栽培管理中，应注重增施有机肥，合理搭配有机肥和无机肥的比例；同时通过叶面喷施方式适量补充硼肥，从而达到提质增效的目的。

Analysis of Soil Nutrient Status in Yellow River Floodplain of Henan Province

The study aims to achieve the ecological protection and high-quality development of the Yellow River basin, clarify the soil nutrient status of the Yellow River floodplain in Henan Province, and develop a reasonable fertilization scheme for planting suitable non-timber forests in this region. The soil samples were collected in the Yellow River floodplain of Yuanyang County, Henan Province. The contents of abundant available nutrient N, P and K, medium trace element exchangeable Ca and Mg, available S, Zn, Cu, Fe, Mn and B, and organic matter, as well as pH and CEC (cation exchange capacity) were determined, and the correlations between soil nutrients and soil texture types were analyzed. The results showed that soil texture types in the Yellow River floodplain of Henan Province were divided into sandy soil, loamy sand, sandy loam, loam, silt loam and silt soil. The average pH value of the soil was 8.43, so the soil was alkaline. The contents of soil organic matter and abundant available nutrient N, P and K, and CEC were deficient. Except available boron, the contents of other medium trace elements were abundant. The correlation analysis showed that most of the nutrient elements were significantly correlated, and the organic matter, CEC, total N, available P and K, exchangeable Mg, available Cu, Fe, Mn and B were negatively correlated with pH, and the exchangeable Ca, and available S and Zn were less correlated with other elements. The Yellow River floodplain of Henan Province is very suitable for non-timber forests. In the process of cultivation management of non-timber forests in this region, it is necessary to pay attention to increase the application of organic fertilizer, rationalize the ratio of organic fertilizer and inorganic fertilizer, and at the same time, add proper amount of B fertilizer by foliar spraying, to achieve the purpose of improving quality and efficiency.