施钾量对马铃薯生长发育及氮磷钾积累分配的影响

施钾量对马铃薯生长发育有重要影响，为调控钾肥合理施用，进一步提高马铃薯的增产潜力，开展了施钾量对马铃薯生长及氮磷钾吸收积累影响的研究。试验采用裂区试验设计，品种为主区，施钾量为副区，供试品种为‘费乌瑞它’和‘川芋117’，试验设置0、112.5、225、337.5、450 kg/hm²5个施钾水平，测定了不同生长期株高、冠层覆盖率及成熟期干物质积累量、各器官氮磷钾含量、产量及相关参数。结果表明：施钾量和品种均对株高、冠层覆盖度、各器官氮磷钾积累和分配及产量有明显影响。施钾量增加有利于株高和冠层覆盖度增加。2个品种均在225 kg/hm²氮磷含量和氮磷积累量最大，但随施钾量增大，钾素在块茎中的分配比例显著下降，较空白对照，2个品种下降幅度分别为34.1%～45.7%和26.5%～59.1%。2个品种产量均在225 kg/hm²时达到最高水平，分别为29263 kg/hm²和32922 kg/hm²，较对照增产80.3%和55.6%。结论表明，施钾量为225 kg/hm^2...

Effect of Potassium Application Rates on Potato Growth and NPK Accumulation and Distribution

Potassium (K) shows significant effects on the growth and development of potato. To optimize application rate of K fertilizer and improve the yield potential of potato, effects of K application rates on potato growth and NPK accumulation and distribution were studied. Split plot experiment design was adopted, 2 cultivars (‘Favorita’ and ‘Chuanyu 117’) were used as the materials, and five K application rates (0, 112.5, 225, 337.5, and 450 kg/hm²) were set. The plant height and canopy coverage at different growth stages, the dry matter accumulation and nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium (NPK) content in each organ of mature plants, and the total yield and other related factors were measured. The results showed that the plant height, canopy coverage, NPK accumulation and distribution in each organ and the total yield of potato were all significantly affected by both K application rates and cultivars. The plant height and canopy coverage increased with the K application rate. The highest nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) content and accumulation amount were found in the two cultivars at the K application rate of 225 kg/hm². However, with the increase of K application rate, the distribution proportion of K in potato tubers decreased significantly, and compared with that of control, the decrease range of the two cultivars was 34.1%-45.7% and 26.5%-59.1% respectively. The yield of the two cultivars were the highest at the K application rate of 225 kg/hm², reaching 29263 kg/hm² and 32922 kg/hm², respectively, 80.3% and 55.6% higher than that of the control. In conclusion, the growth and development of potato is good when the potassium application rate is 225 kg/hm², which can not only promote the absorption and accumulation of NPK, but also ensure the highest yield.