湖北16个山桐子野生资源分布区叶片形态多样性分析

为了解湖北不同资源分布区山桐子叶片形态特征差异，指导湖北山桐子种质资源开发应用及分子遗传多样性研究。以湖北省16个山桐子野生资源分布区的山桐子叶片为研究对象，对其叶长、叶宽、叶柄长、叶面积、长宽比、形态因子等指标进行测定和差异性分析。结果表明：（1）16个野生资源分布区间山桐子叶片性状的变异系数在1.84%～40.54%之间，说明不同分布区山桐子叶片形态特征存在显著差异；叶长、叶宽、叶柄长、周长、面积、叶长宽比和形态因子遗传力均大于88%，说明山桐子叶片形态在很大程度上受遗传控制。（2）16个山桐子野生资源分布区叶片形态性状与纬度、经度和海拔高度的相关性分析结果表明山桐子叶片的大小和形状与资源木所处的经度、纬度和海拔高度有着非常密切的相关性，处于不同地理位置间的山桐子的叶片形态之有很大差异。（3）根据叶形态聚类分析结果，以10.50的遗传距离为阈值，16个野生资源分布区山桐子种质依叶形态的不同可分为5种类型。综上，叶片形态多样性研究结果说明湖北省不同资源分布区山桐子叶形态存在丰富的遗传变异，为山桐子的选育和改良奠定了技术基础。

Leaf Morphological Diversity of Idesia polycarpa Maxim in Sixteen Wild Resource Distribution Areas in Hubei Province

The study aims to clarify the difference of leaf morphological characteristics of Idesia polycarpa Maxim in different distribution areas of Hubei Province, guide the development and application of Idesia polycarpa Maxim germplasm resources and explore its molecular genetic diversity. The leaf length, leaf width, petiole length, leaf area, leaf length-width ratio and morphological factor of Idesia polycarpa Maxim in sixteen wild resource distribution areas in Hubei were measured and analyzed. The following results were obtained. (1) The variation coefficient of leaf characters in the sixteen wild resource distribution areas was 1.84%-40.54%, indicating that there were significant differences in leaf morphological characteristics in different distribution areas; the heritability of leaf length, leaf width, petiole length, leaf perimeter, leaf area, leaf length-width ratio and morphological factor were greater than 88%, indicating that the leaf morphology of Idesia polycarpa Maxim was controlled by heredity to a great extent. (2) The analysis of the correlation between leaf morphological characteristics and latitude, longitude and altitude in the sixteen wild resource distribution areas showed that the size and shape of Idesia polycarpa Maxim leaf were closely related to the longitude, latitude and altitude of resource wood, and the leaf morphology of Idesia polycarpa Maxim in different geographical locations was very different. (3) According to the results of leaf morphology cluster analysis, taking the genetic distance of 10.50 as the threshold, the germplasm of Idesia polycarpa Maxim in the sixteen wild resource distribution areas could be divided into five types based on different leaf morphology. In conclusion, the results of leaf morphological diversity study indicate that there are rich genetic variations of leaf morphology of Idesia polycarpa Maxim in different regions of Hubei Province, and the study can lay a technical foundation for the breeding and improvement of Idesia polycarpa Maxim.