苹果白粉病发生情况调查及田间药剂筛选

为寻找有效防控苹果白粉病的措施，采用普查和定点调查相结合的方法，定期调查苹果园内白粉病的发生时期、为害程度。通过田间防治试验，对生物制剂、诱抗剂和高效化学药剂的防治效果进行评价。结果表明，苹果白粉病春季于4—5月发病，秋季于9月左右发病；且‘华硕’发病较‘富士’重。防治苹果白粉病，生防制剂8%嘧啶核苷酸类抗菌素可湿性粉剂防治效果较好(75.27%)，其次是10%多抗霉素可湿性粉剂，防效为62.09%。3种诱抗剂对苹果白粉病防治均有一定的效果，50μg/mL水杨酸处理效果最好，达66.85%；草酸仅高浓度处理的防治效果超过50%;5%氨基寡糖素水剂2000倍处理效果与50μg/mL水杨酸处理效果接近，为65.26%。供试的5种常用化学制剂中，50%丙环唑乳油防治白粉病效果最好(98.59%)，其次是10%苯醚甲环唑水分散粒剂(92.80%),5%己唑醇悬浮剂、30%啶氧菌酯悬浮剂和40%腈菌唑悬浮剂防治效果也均在80%以上。试验结果可对后期苹果病虫害综合防治技术体系的集成与示范提供技术指导。

Investigation of Occurrence of Apple Powdery Mildew and Screening of Pesticide in Field

To find out effective prevention and control measures of apple powdery mildew, the method of combining general survey and fixed-point survey was adopted. The occurrence period and harm degree of powdery mildew in apple orchards were investigated regularly. By field control test, the control effects of biological agents, inducers and highly effective chemical agents were evaluated. The results showed that apple powdery mildew occurred from April to May in spring, and around September in autumn. It was found that the incidence of powdery mildew on ‘Huashuo’ was more severe than that on ‘Fuji’. The field screening results showed that the control effect of 8% pyrimidine nucleotide antimicrobial was 75.27%, followed by 10% polyantimycin with a control effect of 62.09%. The three kinds of inducers had certain effect on the control of apple powdery mildew, and the effect of 50 μg/mL salicylic acid treatment was the best, up to 66.85%. The control effect of oxalic acid treatment with high concentration was more than 50%. The treatment effect of 5% amino-oligosaccharide 2000 times was close to that of 50 μg/mL salicylic acid, which was 65.26%. Among the 5 commonly used chemical agents, 50% propiconazole had the best control effect against powdery mildew, which was as high as 98.59%, followed by 10% phenylecloprazole (92.80%), and 5% hexaconazole, 30% picoxystrobin and 40% myclobutanil also had satisfying control effect, which were all above 80%. The results of this experiment can provide technical guidance for the technology integration and demonstration of apple pest integrated control system in the future.