不同氮肥抑制剂对小麦产量、土壤肥力、氮肥利用率的影响

为减少氮肥施用量，提高氮肥利用效率。添加氮素抑制剂是提高小麦氮肥利用率的有效途径之一。采用大田试验，在减氮10%的条件下，添加脲酶抑制剂N-丁基硫代磷酰三胺(NBPT)、氢醌(HQ)和硝化抑制剂3,4-二甲基吡唑磷酸盐(DMPP)、双氰胺(DCD)对小麦产量、土壤肥料、植株氮磷钾含量的影响。结果表明：与100%尿素对照相比，DCD、DMPP、NBPT和HQ氮肥抑制剂均增加了小麦产量和氮肥利用率，其中DMPP处理的小麦产量达到了显著水平(P<0.05)，且均增加了土壤pH，降低了土壤有效磷含量，对土壤有机质和速效钾影响不大，其中硝化抑制剂DCD、DMPP增加了土壤碱解氮含量，脲酶抑制剂NBPT和HQ降低了土壤碱解氮含量，DMPP和HQ增加了小麦植株氮、磷含量，DCD和NBPT降低了小麦植株氮、磷含量，4个氮肥抑制剂均降低了小麦植株钾含量。总之，DMPP和HQ的减肥增效效果最理想，能够有效增加小麦产量，促进小麦对氮素的吸收利用，提高氮素利用效率，缓解土壤酸化。

Effects of Different Nitrogen Fertilizer Inhibitors on Wheat Yield,Soil Fertility and Nitrogen Use Efficiency

Application of nitrogen fertilizer inhibitors is an effective way to reduce nitrogen fertilizer rate and improve N (nitrogen) use efficiency of wheat. The application effects of urease inhibitors N-butylthiophosphoramide (NBPT) and hydroquinone (HQ) and nitrification inhibitors 3,4-dimthylpyrazole phosphate (DMPP) and dicyandiamide (DCD) under the condition of 10% nitrogen fertilizer reduction on wheat yield, N use efficiency, nutrient uptake and soil fertility were explored by a field experiment. The results showed that the application of nitrogen fertilizer inhibitors could increase wheat yield and N use efficiency compared with 100% urea treatment (CK), among which the positive effect of DMPP was the greatest (P<0.05). The four nitrogen fertilizer inhibitors increased soil pH and decreased soil available phosphorus content, but had no effect on the content of soil organic matter and available potassium, compared with CK. DCD and DMPP increased the content of soil alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen compared with CK, while NBPT and HQ had the opposite effect. DMPP and HQ increased the content of plant nitrogen and phosphorus compared with CK, while DCD and NBPT decreased the content. The four nitrogen fertilizer inhibitors decreased the plant potassium content compared with CK. In short, DMPP and HQ have the best positive effect on wheat yield and N use efficiency, and can alleviate soil acidification.