玉米和高粱SSR标记在薏苡中的通用性研究

旨在分析玉米和高粱SSR标记在其近缘种薏苡中的通用性和多态性，以期筛选可用于薏苡种质资源和遗传学研究的分子标记。以11份薏苡资源为供试材料，利用SSR-PCR扩增和毛细管电泳检测方法，对364对SSR引物进行了测试和筛选。结果表明，364对玉米和高粱来源的标记中有163对能在薏苡中扩增并得到清晰的条带，其中44对标记在薏苡中表现出良好的多态性。高粱SSR的通用性和多态性比例分别为58.02%和30.85%，玉米SSR标记的通用性和多态性比例分别为23.45%和26.47%，高粱SSR标记在薏苡中通用性和多态性更好。44对引物在11份薏苡材料中扩增出110条多态性条带，每对引物扩增出的条带数在1～5条之间，平均为2.5条，PIC为0.15～0.79，其中15对引物的PIC值大于0.5，占全部多态性引物的34.09%。筛选出的通用SSR引物可为薏苡种质资源多样性和分子遗传学研究提供可用的遗传标记，也是高粱、玉米和薏苡3种作物之间比较基因组学研究的有力工具。

SSR Markers of Maize and Sorghum: The Transferability in Adlay

In order to select available molecular makers for adlay germplasm and genetics research, the transferability and polymorphism of SSR markers from maize and sorghum were tested in adlay. 11 adlay germplasms were selected as materials, and then 364 SSR primers from maize and sorghum were screened by SSR-PCR and capillary electrophoresis methods. The results showed that 163 out of the 364 markers were successfully amplified in adlay, among which 44 markers showed well polymorphism. The percentage of transferability and polymorphism of SSR markers from sorghum were 58.02% and 30.85%, respectively, while those from maize were 23.45% and 26.47%, respectively. Sorghum SSR markers exhibited better transferability and polymorphism in adlay. A total of 110 alleles were amplified using the 44 SSR primers in the 11 adlay germplasms, with a number of bands ranging from 1 to 5 (an average of 2.5). PIC ranged from 0.15 to 0.79 and 15 SSR primers had PIC greater than 0.5, accounting for 34.09% of the total polymorphic SSR primers. Therefore, the transferable markers could provide useful genetic markers for germplasm diversity and molecular genetics research in adlay, and they could also be a powerful tool for comparative genomics among sorghum, maize and adlay.