植物花粉影响因素和保存方法研究进展

花粉是植物种质的主要形式之一，包含该物种的所有基因类型。植物花粉的保存研究对完善种质资源保存方法及加速育种进程具有重要意义。为了满足种质资源保存以及杂交育种工作的需求，笔者阐述了花粉类型、基因型及化学成分、环境因素等对植物花粉生活力的影响；总结了植物花粉的收集和花粉生活力的主要测定方法以及有机溶剂保存、低压保存、低温保存、超低温保存等植物花粉的主要保存方法；提出超低温保存技术将成为花粉保存和研究的重要方向，仍需进一步深入研究植物花粉不同保存方法的保存机理。以期为研究不同植物花粉的长期高效保存方法提供参考。

The Influencing Factors and Preservation Methods of Plant Pollen: Research Progress

Pollen is one of the main forms of plant germplasm and it contains all genotypes of the species. Research on the preservation of plant pollen is of great significance for improving the conservation method of germplasm resources and accelerating the breeding process. In order to meet the needs of germplasm resources conservation and hybrid breeding, the authors expounded the effects of pollen types, genotypes, chemical components and environmental factors on plant pollen viability, and summarized main methods of plant pollen collection and viability measurement as well as the main preservation methods of plant pollen such as organic solvent, low pressure, low and ultra-low temperature preservation. It is proposed that ultra-low temperature preservation technology will become an important direction of pollen preservation and research. Further research on the pollen preservation mechanism is necessary. This paper will provide certain reference for studying long-term and high-efficiency pollen preservation methods of different plants.