化肥减量下氮磷钾肥施用时期对加工番茄产量、品质及养分吸收的影响

本文研究了氮磷肥减施20%条件下，氮磷钾肥施用时期对加工番茄生长与营养状况的影响，以期为加工番茄化肥减施增效提供技术支撑。试验设5个处理，即：(1)NPK对照(CK):PK肥全部基施，全生育期追施N肥；(2)T1:NP肥减量20%,PK肥全部基施，全生育期追施N肥；(3)T2:NP肥减量20%，花期前追施NP肥，花期后追施NK肥；(4)T3:NP肥减量20%，花期前追施NK肥，花期后追施NP肥；(5)T4:NP减量20%，全生育期追施NPK肥。结果表明：各处理对加工番茄的品质没有显著差异。与对照处理相比，T2、T4处理在加工番茄的生物量、产量以及NPK的吸收量均没有达到显著差异，T2处理更优于T4处理。与CK处理相比，T1、T3处理产量分别下降11、19 t/hm²；生物量下降1.6、2.13 t/hm²;N素吸收量减少49.43、60.0 kg/hm²,P素吸收量减少8.47、12.37 kg/hm²,K素吸收量减少40.93、50.01 kg/hm²，均达到显著差异，T1处...

Effects of N,P and K Application Time on Yield,Quality and Nutrient Uptake of Processing Tomato Under Chemical Fertilizer Reduction

To provide technical support for reducing application and increasing efficiency of chemical fertilizers in processing tomato cultivation, the authors studied the effects of different application time of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) fertilizer on the growth and nutritional status of processing tomato under the condition of reducing nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer by 20%. A field experiment was employed with five treatments: (1) control treatment (CK), P and K were applied as basal fertilizer and N was applied in the whole growth season; (2) T1, N and P were reduced by 20%, P and K were basal applied with N was applied in the whole growth; (3) T2, N and P were reduced by 20%, N and P were applied before anthesis, while N and K were applied after anthesis; (4) T3, N and P were reduced by 20%, N and K were applied before anthesis, while N and P were applied after anthesis; (5) T4, N and P were reduced by 20%, and N, P and K were applied throughout the whole growth season. The results showed that: there was no significant difference of the quality of processed tomato among different treatments. Compared with those of CK, there was no significant difference of biomass, yield and NPK absorption of tomato of T2 and T4, but T2 was better than T4. Compared with those of CK, the yield of T1 and T3 decreased by 11 and 19 t/hm²; the biomass of T1 and T3 significantly decreased by 1.6 and 2.13 t/hm²; the N uptake significantly decreased by 49.43 and 60.0 kg/hm²; the P uptake significantly decreased by 8.47 and 12.37 kg/hm²; and the K uptake significantly decreased by 40.93 and 50.01 kg/hm², respectively. All reached significant difference level. The effects of T1 on the growth and nutrient uptake of processing tomato were slightly better than those of T3. In summary, under the condition of reducing 20% of N and P fertilizer, applying N and P before anthesis and N and K after anthesis can play the best role in improving the quality, yield and economic benefits of processing tomato.