园林景观树木健康状况评价与分析——以中国园林博物馆室外展园油松为例

摸清园博馆油松植株的生长和健康状况，及时准确发现植株存在的健康问题和潜在风险，为短期内实施紧急补救、调整干预措施以及制订长期的树木复壮管理和科学养护方案提供参考依据。本研究系统调查园博馆内栽植的79株油松基本生长和健康指标，计算其健康值、划分健康等级，对其整体健康状况进行评价。结果表明，园博馆室外展园内栽植的油松绝大部分健康状况表现良好，没有差和极差2个健康等级的植株，健康等级为中的植株为9株，占总株数的11.39%，健康等级为良和优的分别为63株和7株，占总株数的79.75%和8.86%。平地和缓坡立地环境下的油松健康状况整体表现优于山地立地环境下的油松表现。在树冠和树干方面的不佳表现，枝叶病虫害、叶斑或变色以及干部病虫害等问题是导致植株健康状况变差、健康值降低的关键指标因素。应围绕引发园博馆油松衰弱的病虫害关键问题，建立基于病虫害发生规律的综合防控措施。此外要以提高和改善油松植株立地条件为目标和导向，科学实施精细化养护管理措施，提高植株的生长势和树势。还应建立树木健康档案制度，加强对油松植株生长状况的定期监测巡查。

Health Assessment and Analysis of Landscape Trees: Taking Pinus tabuliformis in the Outdoor Garden of the Museum of Chinese Gardens and Landscape Architecture as an Example

To ascertain the general growth and health conditions of Pinus tabuliformis in the Museum of Chinese Gardens and Landscape Architecture and timely and accurately identify the existing problems and potential hazards of tree health can provide reference for implementing emergency measures, adjusting and formulating means and long-term scheme of rejuvenation and maintenance of the trees. The basic growth and health indexes, the score of health, and the health classification and assessment of the whole 79 Pinus tabuliformis in the garden were systematically studied. The results showed that a majority of the trees assessed were in good health, no tree was classified as weak or particularly weak grade. There were 9 trees at medium health level, accounting for 11.39% of the total. The number of trees at good and excellent level was 63 and 7 respectively, accounting for 79.75% and 8.86% of the total. The health status of P. tabuliformis on site condition of flat land and gentle slope was better than that on site condition of upland. The symptoms of crown and trunk of the trees, especially the branch and leaf pests and diseases, leaf spot or discoloration and trunk borer and disease, were the most primary factors leading to the deterioration of tree vigor and health score. High attention should be paid to the threats and impacts caused by pests and diseases, which can lead to the vitality decline of the trees. Based on the occurring regularity of pests and diseases, integrated prevention and control measures should be established. Besides, with the goal of improving the site condition of the trees, scientific and elaborate maintenance and management measures should be carried out to enhance the tree vigor and health condition. Health record should also be set up to monitor and inspect the growth conditions of the trees regularly.