马铃薯品种（系）农艺性状的适应性和稳定性分析

马铃薯的丰产性、适应性和稳定性是马铃薯推广和应用的重要指标，各种环境因子对不同性状的作用有差异，需要在不同的生态区进行品种（系）的筛选与鉴定。为了筛选出广适、高产、稳产和适宜机械化作业的马铃薯品种（系），本研究通过GGE双标图对马铃薯高代品系和国内主栽品种的产量和植株性状进行分析，同时阐述基因型与环境互作效应对产量性状和植株性状的影响。前期选育的22份高代品系和13份国内主栽品种分别于2020和2021年种植在渭源县、安定区和永昌县三个试点。测量主茎数等8个植株性状和小区产量等9个产量性状，应用联合方差分析进行显著性水平分析，GGE双标图进行适应性、丰产性和稳定性分析以及试点的区分力和代表性评价。应用联合方差分析结果表明，自然株高、绝对株高的基因型效应显著，基因型效应平方和占总变异平方和比为66.63%、56.56%；花序梗长、单株大薯产量的基因型与环境互作效应显著，互作效应平方和占总变异平方和比为27.86%、27.05%；分支数、单株产量的环境效应显著，环境效应平方和占总变异平方和比为55.82%、25.52%。GGE分析结果表明，品种（系）在不同的年份间，产量和稳定性表现总体较为...

Analysis of Genotype and Environment Interaction,Adaptability and Stability of Agronomic Traits of Potato Varieties (Lines)

The fertility， adaptability and stability of potato are important indicators for potato popularization and application. Because of the differences in the performance of different characters by various environmental factors， it is necessary to screen and identify varieties （lines） in different ecological zones. In this study， the yield and plant traits of advance lines and main cultivars were analyzed by GGE （Genotype + genotypes and environment interactions） biplot， and the potato varieties （lines） with wide adaptability， high yield， stability and suitable for mechanization were selected. The effect of genotype-environment interactions on yield traits and plant traits were detailed， which provide a reference for potato breeding and selection of varieties in different ecological regions. Twenty two advance lines and thirteen main cultivars were selected to plant in three pilot sites in Weiyuan County， Anding District and Yongchang County of Gansu province from 2020 to 2021. Eight plant traits such as number of main stems and nine yield traits such as plot yield were measured. Analysis of variance was applied for analysis of significance. GGE biplot was used for analysis of adaptability， productivity and stability. Concurrently， the distinctiveness and representativeness of pilot sites were evaluated. Variance analysis showed that the effect of genotype on natural and absolute plant height were significant， and the sum of squares of genotype effect and the ratio to total variance was 66.63% and 56.56% respectively. The effect of genotype-environment interactions on peduncle length and yield of large tuber per plant were significant， and the sum of squares of interactions effect and the ratio to total variance was 27.86% and 27.05% respectively. The effect of environment on number of branches and yield of tuber per plant were significant， and the sum of squares of environment effect and the ratio to total variance was 55.82% and 25.52%. GGE analysis showed that yield and stability of varieties （lines） were generally consistent in different years. The genotypes with highest yield were G1， G33 and G10 in Weiyuan County， Anding District and Yongchang County. G32 was the most stable in the three pilot sites. Yongchang County had the strongest distinctiveness among varieties （lines） in 2020. Anding District had the strongest representativeness to target environment in 2021. GGE biplot can intuitively showed the results of varieties （lines） test in three sites between 2020 and 2021， and screen and evaluate varieties （lines） were G33， G12 and G3 were high yield， stable and suitable for mechanization， while G28， G26 and G23 were high yield， unstable and unsuitable for mechanization. The genotype-environment interactions had the greatest influence on peduncle length and yield of large tuber per plant. Combined with distinctiveness and representativeness， Weiyuan county was the best pilot sites in this experiment. According to the adaptability and stability of varieties （lines）， the varieties （lines） suitable for planting in different ecological regions with high yield， stability and suitable for mechanization were selected， which will provide reference and theoretical basis for the subsequent registration and promotion of varieties.