内蒙古东部中晚熟区青贮玉米产量和品质与气象因素的关系

为研究青贮玉米(Zea mays L.)产量和品质与气象因素的关系，于2018—2019年在通辽市农业科学研究院试验基地，以北农青贮368、东科301、京科青贮516及京科968为材料，设置D1(4月24日)、D2(5月1日)、D3(5月8日)和D4(5月15日)4个播期，比较不同播期条件下青贮玉米产量和品质的变化，分析青贮玉米产量和品质形成与气象因素的关系。结果表明，随着播期的推迟，各品种青贮玉米生育期缩短，株高和茎粗均呈增加趋势，绿叶数变化不大，D2播期的穗位较高。各品种在D2播期的平均生物产量最高(35.2～40.2 t·hm^-2)。随着播期推迟，中性洗涤纤维(NDF)和酸性洗涤纤维(ADF)含量呈增加趋势，粗蛋白含量变化不明显，D2播期淀粉含量较高。生育期日照时数(R²=0.381,P=0.031)和吐丝后日照时数(R²=0.507,P=0.003)与干物质产量呈负相关，生育期降雨量(R²=0.591,P<0.001)和吐丝后降雨量(R²=0.367,P=0.03...

Response of Yield and Quality of Silage Maize to Meteorological Factors in Middle and Late Maturity Region of Eastern Inner Mongolia

This study was aimed to study the yield and quality of silage maize to meteorological factors， and discuss the relationship between climate and silage maize yield and quality in the mid-late maturing region of eastern inner Mongolia. Silage maize varieties of Beinong silage 368， Dongke 301， Jingke silage 516 and Jingke 968 were used as tested materials for the sowing experiment in Tong Liao in 2018 and 2019. We set four sowing dates which were D1（24th April）， D2 （1st May）， D3 （8th May）， and D4 （15th May）， respectively， to determine the changes of yield and quality of silage maize under different sowing dates， and analyze the response of yield and quality formation of silage maize to meteorological factors. The results showed that with the delay of the sowing date， the growth process of silage maize shortened， and the plant height and stem diameter of all varieties showed an increasing trend， while the number of green leaves had little changes， and the ear height of D2 sowing date was higher. The maximum biomass yield of different varieties was at D2 sowing date. With the delay of sowing date， the neutral detergent fiber and acid detergent fiber content were increased， while the starch content was higher at D2， however the crude protein content of different varieties changed little. A linear function was found between yields and sunshine duration （R²=0.381，P=0.031）， effective precipitation （R²=0.591， P<0.001）， sunshine duration after silking （R²=0.507， P=0.003）， and precipitation after silking （R²=0.367， P=0.039）. A significant difference was found in neutral detergent fiber and acid detergent fiber due to different effective temperature after silking， sunshine duration after silking， and precipitation after silking， Sunshine duration （R²=0.475， P=0.006）， effective precipitation （R²=0.556， P<0.001）， sunshine duration after silking （R²=0.432， P=0.014） and precipitation after silking （R²=0.665， P<0.001） had significant effects on starch content. In conclusion， sunshine duration and rainfall played an important role in silage maize production and development， yield and quality in middle and late maturing region of eastern Inner Mongolia， and the best sowing date was nearly 1st May. The results provide a theoretical basis for high quality and high yield cultivation of silage maize under climate change.