采收期对叶城县6个核桃品种品质影响初探

为明确叶城县6个核桃品种（温185、新新2、新丰、扎343、新光和温179）不同采收期果实品质和青果开裂率的变化规律,确定6种核桃在叶城县的适宜采收期,本试验测定了6种核桃样品的外观品质（三径、坚果单重、壳厚、出仁率、径仁率、含水率）和内在品质（脂肪、蛋白质、可溶性糖、维生素E和矿质元素含量）。结果表明,随着采收时间的推迟,6个核桃品种的坚果三径、单果重、出仁率、径仁率呈上升趋势,壳厚、含水率均呈下降趋势,内在品质整体呈上升趋势。温185在9月4日、新新2在9月24日、新丰和扎343在9月14日、新光和温179在9月19日采收的核桃坚果质量、脂肪、蛋白质含量等已基本定型,过早或过晚采收对核桃品质均有影响。相关性分析表明,青果开裂率越大,则果实越大、内在营养物质含量越高,果实青果开裂率可作为判断叶城县6个核桃进入适宜采收期的重要依据。综合上述评价结果表明,温185、新新2、新丰、新光和温179的青果开裂率达75%,扎343的青果开裂率达55%为适宜的采收期。本研究结果为叶城县6种核桃采收后深加工、贮藏以及进一步划分果实等级提供了理论依据。

Preliminary Study on Effect of Harvesting Times on the Quality of Six Walnut Varieties in Yecheng County

This paper aimed to clarify the changes of fruit quality and green nut cracking rate of six walnut varieties in Yecheng County, J.regia Wen185, J.regia Xinxin2, J.regia Xinfeng, J.regia Zha343, J.regia Xinguang and J.regia Wen179 at different harvesting times, and determine the suitable harvest times of 6 kinds of walnut in Yecheng County. In this experiment, the appearance quality of 6 walnut samples （three diameters, single nut weight, shell thickness, kernel yield, rate of re-nurture kernel, moisture content） and internal qualities （fat, protein, soluble sugar, vitamin E and mineral element content） of six walnut samples were determined. The results showed with the delay of harvesting time, the three diameters of nuts, single fruit weights, kernel yields and rates of re-nurture kernel of the six walnuts varieties showed an increasing trend, the shell thicknesses and water contents showed a decreasing trend, while the intrinsic qualities showed an overall increasing trend. J.regia Wen185 harvested on September 4 with J.regia Xinxin2 on September 24, J.regia Xinfeng on September 14, J.regia Zha343 on September 14, J.regia Xinguang and J.regia Wen179 on September 19, which have basically set the qualities of walnut nuts, fats and protein contents, etc. Too early and too late harvesting will have impact on nuts’ commercial value. Correlation analysis showed that the greater the green nut dehiscence rate, the larger the fruit and the higher the content of intrinsic nutrients. The green fruit dehiscence rate can be used as an important basis for judging that six kinds of walnuts in Yecheng County have entered the suitable harvesting period. According to comeprehensive assessment, the green nut rate of J.regia Wen185, J.regia Xinxin2, J.regia Xinfeng, J.regia Xinguang and J.regia Wen179 reached 75%, while green nut rate of J.regia Zha343 reached 55%. The results of this study provided a theoretical basis for further processing, storage and classification of 6 kinds of walnut after harvesting in Yecheng County.