AlPO4胁迫下5种苹果砧木的磷吸收、利用特性及生长环境pH变化特征的研究

随着肥料的大量施入,果园土壤酸化现象日趋严重,而酸性土壤中的铝能破坏根尖结构,抑制根系伸长生长,对树体生长造成不良影响。笔者以1年生平邑甜茶（Malus hupehensis Rehd.）、八棱海棠（M.micromalus Makino）、东北山荆子（M.baccata Borkh.）、富平楸子[M.prunifolia（Willd.）Borkh.]和新疆野苹果[M.sievesii（Ledeb.）Roemer]为材料,研究其在不添加和添加少量速效磷条件下对AlPO4的吸收和利用特性。结果表明：AlPO4胁迫下,5种砧木根、茎、叶各器官生物量及整株生物量从高到低分别为平邑甜茶〉八棱海棠〉新疆野苹果〉富平楸子〉东北山荆子;平邑甜茶AlPO4吸收效率最高,为8.85 mg/株,其次是八棱海棠（6.93 mg/株）,东北山荆子磷吸收效率最低,仅为2.22 mg/株。少量速效磷诱导后,5种砧木的生物量和磷吸收效率均显著增加,但不同砧木增加量差异显著,其中增幅最大的是东北山荆子,其总生物量和磷吸收效率分别增加2.17倍和2.27倍,其次为富平楸子（1.55倍和1.74倍）,平邑甜茶增幅最小,其生物量增加了0.44倍,磷吸收效率增加0.38倍,但砧木的磷利用效率无显著差异。因此,平邑甜茶对AlPO4的适应能力最佳,八棱海棠次之,东北山荆子最差。与添加少量速效磷处理相比,铝胁迫明显降低了各砧木根际环境的pH,平邑甜茶降低幅度最大（1.52）,其次为八棱海棠（0.59）,东北山荆子降幅最小,其pH仅降低0.22。

Studies on PhosphorusAbsorption, Utilization and Environment pH Characteristics of Five Apple Rootstocks on AlPO4 Stress

Orchard soil acidification is increasingly serious with the over-application of fertilizer in these years. The aluminum in acid soil may destroy the root tips and decrease the elongation of root, therefore inhibit the tree growth. Thus, five kinds of one-year-old apple rootstocks [Malus hupehensis Rehd., M. micromalus Makino, M. baccata Borkh., M. prunifolia （Willd） Borkh. and M. sievesii （Ledeb.） Roemer] were used to study the phosphorus acquisition and utilization characteristics under A1PO4 stress. The results were as follows： organ biomass and plant dry weight of five rootstocks from high to low were Malus hupehensis Rehd. 〉M. micromalus Makino〉 M. sievesii （Ledeb.） Roemer〉 M. prunifolia （Willd） Borkh. 〉 M. baccata Borkh. Under A1PO4 stress,phosphorus followed M. acquisition efficiency （PAE） of Malus hupehensis Rehd. was the highest （8.85 rag/plant）, then micromalus Makino （6.93 mg/plant）, while the PAE of M. baccata Borkh. was the lowest （2.22 mg/ plant）. Organ dry weight and plant dry weight of five rootstocks increased significantly after the induction of low volume phosphorus, whereas significant difference could be seen among the five rootstocks M. baccata Borkh. had the most vigorous growth on biomass and PAE, which was increased by 2.17 and 2.27 fold respectively, and then followed by M. prunifolia （Willd） Borkh. （1.55 and 1.74 fold）, while that of Malus hupehensis Rehd. increased the minimum, with the biomass and PAE increased 0.44 and 0.38 fold respectively. However, no significant difference was found on the phosphorus utilization efficiency （PUE） of the five rootstocks. In＇consequence, the growth of Malus hupehensis Rehd. was the best under AlPO4 stress, then followed by M. micromalus Makino, while the adaptability of M. baccata Borkh. was the worst. A1PO4 stress lowered the environment pH of the rootstocks compared to adding phosphorus treatment, and the pH declined of Malus hupehensis Rehd. was 1.52, then followed by M. micromalus Makino （