我国重点保护地方鸡品种资源的遗传变异

应用30个高度多态的微卫星标记对我国重点保护的15个地方鸡品种资源的遗传变异进行了研究，计算了各群体的遗传参数，并用类平均法进行聚类分析。结果表明：平均杂合度最高的是吐鲁番鸡，0．634；杂合度最低的是河南斗鸡，0．554。15个地方鸡品种的杂合度都较高，反映了这些品种的多种多型；对遗传距离DS的计算表明15个品种的遗传距离较远，分化时间较长；UPGMA的聚类分析将15个品种聚为3类，即：Ⅰ类为浦东鸡、茶花鸡、西双版纳斗鸡、漳州斗鸡、大骨鸡、丝羽乌骨鸡、仙居鸡、白耳黄鸡、北京油鸡、河南斗鸡、狼山鸡和吐鲁番斗鸡，Ⅱ类为清远麻鸡和鲁西斗鸡，第Ⅲ类只有藏鸡。通过微卫星标记对这些重点保护地方鸡品种资源遗传变异的分析说明了这些地方品种的遗传多样性极其丰富，各具特色，各保种场(区)应促进资源优势向经济优势转化。

Analysis of genetic diversity among domestic concernful chicken breeds in China

The genetic diversity of 15 concernful domestic chicken breeds in China was studied withusing microsatellite markers. Those chicken breeds included Pudong, Chahua, Langshan, Qingyuan Ma, Dagu, Silky, Xianju, Baier huang, Beijing fattycock, Zang, and the game cocks of Xishuangbanna, Turpan, Zhangzhou, Luxi and Henan. The genetic diversity expressed as mean heterozygosity, mean polymorphic information content (PIC), and Nei standard genetic distances was analyzed by 30 microsatellite markers with high polymorphism. The clustering dendrogram was eventually obtained based on Nei genetic distances of 20 microsatellite. The results showed that the mean heterozygosity in the Turpan was the highest (0634), but lowest (0554)for Henan gamecock. The D_S genetic distances indicated that the differentiation was longer. The UPGMA tree was obtained through analysis of Nei's standard genetic distance (D_S). In the tree, the first group contained Pudong, Chahua, Xishuangbanna gamecock, Zhangzhou gamecock, Dagu, Silky, Xianju, Baier Huang, Beijing fattycock, Henan gamecock, Langshan and Turpan. The second group included Qingyuan spottedcock and Luxi gamecock. Zang had its own branch. UPGMA tree reflected the resource, breeding history, differentiation and direction of utilization. Microsatellite analysis showed that those breeds had rich diversity. The superiorities of the breeds should be explored.