甘蓝型油菜遗传图谱构建与无花瓣性状QTL定位

以无花瓣油菜APL01与正常有花瓣品种M083杂交的BC₁F₁为基础群体，利用RAPD、SSR和SRAP技术获得251个分子标记，包括219个SRAP、25个SSR和7个RAPD标记，构建了由19个连锁群组成的分子标记遗传图谱，根据共同的分子标记，建立该图谱与甘蓝型油菜高密度图谱的对应关系。利用WinQTLCart 2.0软件对无花瓣性状进行QTL扫描，获得4个与无花瓣性状相关的QTL，QAP5位于N5连锁群的A0226Bb152~m31e40b区间，解释花瓣度表型变异的3.71%；QAP6位于N6连锁群的m25e7~OPY9区间，解释花瓣度表型变异的3.02%；QAP8位于N8连锁群的A0226Gb468~m29e20区间，解释花瓣度表型变异的30.94%；QAP15位于N15连锁群的m21e4b~A0225Bb201区间，解释花瓣度表型变异的21.96%。QAP8和QAP15为2个主效QTL，可用于无花瓣性状的标记辅助选择，QAP5和QAP6为修饰基因位点。

Genetic Map Construction and Apetalousness QTLs Identification in Rapeseed (Brassica napus L.)

Apetalous rapeseed has the advantages of high solar radition utilization efficiency,low sclerotinia incidence ratio,strong root assimilation efficiency,and high yield potential owing to the loss of petal.Apetalousness is controlled by two to four recessive genes in rapeseed.All researchers consider the plants with less than 10% petalous degree(PD)as the apetalous,but the distribution of PD in segregation generation is consecutive.The apetalous should be treated as a quantitative trait to screen QTLs.In present research,an apetalous rapeseed line APL01 was crossed with a normal petalous line M083 to develop a segregating population BC1F1.This population was used to construct a genetic map and identify QTLs affecting the apetalous in rapeseed(Brassica napus L.).Totally,219 SRAP,25 SSR,and 7 RAPD markers were used to construct a genetic map containing 19 linkage groups in rapeseed.This map was aligned with the ultradense genetic recombination map for B.napus L.,and four QTLs were identified by WinQTLCart.QAP5 was located in the region of A0226Bb152-m31e40b on linkage group(LG)N5,which could explain 3.71% of the petalous variation in segregation population BC1F1.QAP6 was mapped in the region of m25e7-OPY9 on LG N6,and accounted for 3.02% of phenotypic variation.QAP8 was located between A0226Gb468-m29e20 on LG N8 and explained 30.94% of phenotypic variation.QAP15 was located in the region of m21e4b-A0225Bb201 on LG N15,and accounted for 21.96% of phenotypic variation.Two main-effect QTLs of them(QAP8 and QAP15)could be applied in marker-assisted selection for apetalous rapeseed breeding,and the other two QTLs(QAP5 and QAP6)were modified genes.