棉花雄性不育的生化研究

本研究对细胞质雄性不育“三系”和细胞核雄性不育系的种子及不同发育时期的花药进行了酯酶同工酶、过氧化物酶同工酶,游离脯氨酸含量和过氧化物酶活性的测定与分析。结果表明:(1)种子酯酶同工酶在细胞质雄性不育“三系”之间表现出明显差异,酶谱遗传分析表明,1E,2E酶带与育性恢复有关,8E,9E酶带与不育有关,(2)不同发育时期过氧化物酶同工酶酶带数不育株(系)均少于可育株(系);(3)花药游离脯氯酸含量可育阳(系)明显高于不育株(系);(4)随着小孢子发育进展,细胞核雄性不育株过氧化物酶活性急剧增长,其增长速度高出可育株几倍。过氧化物酶同工酶酶带减少和酶活性在小孢子发育过程中的急剧增高,被认为是引起花粉败育的重要原因,本文还提出了在“三系”选育过程中结合同工酶分析技术加速细胞质雄性不育恢复系选育进程的设想。

BIOCHEMICAL STUDIES OF MALE STERILITY IN COTTON

Seeds and anthers of cytoplasmic male sterile(CMS) "three lines" and fertile and sterile individuals of two nuclear male sterile(NMS) lines were used for analysis of esterase isozyme, peroxidase isozyme, free proline content and peroxidase activity.The results are given as follows.(1) " Three lines " of CMS have each particular esterase zymograms. Two bands of esterase zymogram symbolized as 8E, 9E related to sterility, and other two bands symbolized as 1E, 2E related to restoration.(2) The number of peroxidase isozyme bands of sterile individuals (lines) were less than that of fertile ones during mierospores development.(3) Free proline content in the fertile anthers was higher than that of sterile.(4) The peroxidase activity of NMS individuals was lower than that of fertile ones during meiosis or before pollen abortion. With the development of mierospores in NMS individuals the enzyme activity increased greatly and was higher than that of fertile ones when pollen matured.It is concluded that the reducing of peroxidase isozyme bands and greatly increasing of peroxidase activity were the important cause of pollen abortion. It was suggested that isozyme was an effective index for distinguishing "the three lines" of CMS and different types of sterility.