甘谷县乡村聚落时空布局特征及格局优化

对黄土丘陵区的甘谷县乡村聚落时空布局特征进行分析,为乡村聚落格局优化及土地集约利用提供研究基础。基于1998年的Landsat-5TM和2008年的SPOT5遥感影像,应用景观格局分析和GIS空间分析相结合的方法,对甘谷县1998-2008年乡村聚落的时空布局特征及空间格局优化进行深入探讨。结果表明:在时间分布上,近10a来,甘谷县乡村聚落占土地总面积的比例由3.69%上升至5.45%。斑块数和斑块总面积分别增加114.77%和47.76%,现状聚落斑块密度很高(1.68个/km2),2个时期斑块面积大小悬殊,平均斑块面积减小。在空间分布上,2008年甘谷县乡村聚落密度明显高于1998年,呈"东北密、西南疏、距县城距离近的密"的空间分布格局,且空间差异显著。2个时期乡村聚落均呈显出强烈的海拔、坡度、交通和水系指向,海拔1750m以下、坡度小于15°、距离道路和河流1000m以内是甘谷县乡村聚落的主要聚居区。为了城乡社会经济的协调发展和小康社会的顺利实现,对甘谷县乡村聚落以优先发展型、扩建发展型和集中发展型3种发展模式进行空间格局优化。

Spatio-temporal distribution and optimization of rural settlements in Gangu county of loess hilly area

In order to provide preliminary reference for the optimized of rural settlements area and intensive use of land the spatio-temporal distribution of rural settlements in Loess Hilly Area, Gangu county was analyzed,. Based on the remote sensing images of Landsat-5 TM in 1998 and SPOT 5 in 2008, the method of landscape pattern analysis and GIS spatial analysis were used to discussed spatio-temporal variability and optimized spatial distribution of rural settlements in Gangu county from 1998 to 2008. The results showed that from the perspective of temporal distribution, the proportion of the area of rural settlements in the total land area increased from 3.69% to 5.45% in the last decade; patches number (NP) and total plaque area (CA) increased by 114.77% and 47.76% respectively. The settlement patches have a high density of 1.68 per km2 at present; The patches were quite different over the two periods and the average plaque area (MPS) decreased. From the perspective of spatial distribution, the density of rural settlements in 2008 was significantly higher than that in 1998, the distribution pattern of rural settlements vary spatially as dense in the northeast and areas around county, while sparse in the southwest. Rural settlements showed a strong association with the elevation, slope, traffic and water resources, and they mainly located in areas with low altitude, gentle slope and closed to road or river. For the coordinated social and economic development of urban and rural areas and the successful realization of well-off society, it is necessary to optimize spatial distribution of rural settlements in Gangu county with three development patterns of the priority development, extension development and centralized development.