玉米灌浆期渍水对产量及氮磷淋失量的影响

为了阐明渍害对土壤养分淋失及产量的影响,采用测坑控制排水试验,研究了玉米灌浆期渍水对土壤溶液中全氮、全磷及玉米产量的影响。研究表明,玉米灌浆期渍水土壤溶液全氮质量浓度最大值出现在渍水后的第5天,渍水30cm和渍水50cm全氮质量浓度最大值分别达到2.037和1.833mg/L,全磷质量浓度在渍水后的3d达到最大值分别为0.163和0.148mg/L。渍水深度30cm超过3d和渍水深度50cm超过5d均会造成玉米产量显著减少。因此,在雨季适当控制地下水位和渍水天数对玉米灌浆期的籽粒形成非常重要。该研究可以为农田控制排水设计和管理提供依据。

Effects of waterlogging at gain filling stage on corn yield, nitrogen and phosphorus leaching loss

The testing-hole experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of waterlogging at grain filling stage on the yield of maize and the leaching loss of nitrogen and phosphorus. The results showed the maximum content of total nitrogen of 2.037 and 1.833mg/L occurred in the fifth day, under the underground water table in 30 cm and in 50 cm respectively. The content of total phosphorus came to the peak value in the third day at 0.163 mg/L and 0.148 mg/L under the underground water table in 30 cm and in 50 cm respectively. Waterlogging depth of 30 cm more than 3 days and 50 cm more than 5 days can cause maize yield decreased significantly. Therefore, it is very important to control the proper underground water level and waterlogging days for corn grain formation at grain filling stage of maize in the rainy season. This research provides reference for design and management of controlled drainage in farmland.