森林主导生态价值评估及生态补偿初探

近年来关于森林生态效益的补偿问题已成为生态学研究热点,但多侧重于整体价值核算或单项价值核算,很难满足多层次生态价值评价的实际需要。引入区域经济学中的区位商和主导产业理论,在森林的生态补偿中首次提出生态区位商和主导生态价值的概念。以八达岭林场为例,对森林资源的生态区位商和主导生态价值进行了计算,初步建立了生态补偿的概念模型,完善了森林生态补偿理论。

A Primary Discussion on Evaluation of Forest Leading Ecological Values and Ecological Compensation

The compensation for forest ecological benefits becomes the focus of ecological field in recent years.Some studies paid special attentions to the evaluation of whole ecological values.And,most of them neglected special situation.Some studies paid special attentions to one aspect of ecological values,but it was very difficult to meet the real needs.Theories about regional location quotient and leading industry are the typical theories of regional economics.Based on these theories,a new notion,leading ecological values,was proposed in order to solve the problems of previous studies.Badaling forestry center was taken as an example to illustrate how to rediscover the ecological benefits of forest resources.The ecological location quotient was calculated to ascertain the leading ecological values.Based on the calculated result,a new reasonable way of calculating standards of compensation was set up,and a tentative model was given to compensate the ecological benefits in time and space order.