Large-scale assessment of agricultural practices affecting Fusarium root rot and common bean yield |
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Authors: | Bita Naseri Alireza Marefat |
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Institution: | (1) Department of Plant Protection, Agricultural & Natural Resource Research Center, Zanjan, Iran;(2) Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Zanjan University, Zanjan, Iran |
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Abstract: | The relationships between a number of agronomic practices, Fusarium root rot (FRR) measurements and yield variables were characterized
at different growth stages in 122 commercial bean fields in Zanjan, Iran. Mean FRR incidence, severity and index differed
among growth stages and years. A lower FRR index at growth stage R9 and higher yields were detected in Red beans compared
to Pinto and White beans. FRR severity affected the number of pods and seeds per plant. Despite the lack of an impact of initial
drought on FRR and yield factors, FRR levels were higher following frequent irrigations at 2–3 days intervals than at longer
intervals at R6-7. The highest FRR index at R6-7 (51.9%) and incidence at R9 (69.1%) were associated with the densest category
of plant populations. Yield components differed significantly between the levels of plant density at R9. FRR levels at V3
were lower for June plantings than for May-second-week plantings. Lower FRR ratings and higher yields were detected at a seeding
depth of 0–5 cm in comparison to 10–20 cm. At R9, FRR levels on beans following maize were lower than those following barley,
bean, tomato or wheat. At V3, FRR severity was greater in fields that received 50–500 kg/ha of urea compared to non-fertilized
fields. Greater mean FRR index at R6-7 and lower yield levels were associated with the greatest weed density compared to weed-free
fields. This new information benefits the systematic understanding of interactions between bean yield, FRR and various agronomic
variables at large-scale. |
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