氮肥运筹对淮北区强筋小麦产量和品质的影响

氮肥基施能显著促进强筋小麦分蘖生长,增大群体结构;返青期和拔节期追施氮肥能提高分蘖成穗率,增加单位面积穗数和总小穗数;孕穗期追施氮肥可增加可育小穗数,能显著增加穗粒数。氮肥基施:拔节期追施=73∶的处理产量最高;基施氮肥少于总氮量的1/2时,小麦产量就会下降,且与70%以上氮肥基施的处理达到显著性差异。氮肥对强筋小麦品质有明显影响,氮基肥∶孕穗肥=73∶处理的蛋白质含量最高,比氮全部基施高34.37%;其次是氮素基肥∶越冬肥∶拔节肥=43∶3∶和基肥∶拔节肥=46∶的处理,这2个处理在2002～2004年平均蛋白质含量都比全基肥高出10%。

Influences of Nitrogen Fertilizer Strategy the Strong Gluten Wheat Yield and Quality

Strong gluten wheat and common wheat is consistent in rule of taking Nitrogen:manuring in sowing date can obviously promote strong gluten wheat tiller and increase colony;nitrogen dressing in the date of returning to green and jointing can improve effective ears;nitrogen dressing in booting stage can increase number of grains per ear.The highest yield can be obtained when basic application to jointing stage was 7∶3,and the wheat yield will drop when the number of nitrogen fertilization basic application was less than half of total.The nitrogen application had obvious influence in quality of wheat,the highest content of protein and wet gluten can be reached when basic application to booting stage was 7∶3,and the average content of protein in treatment of basic application to overwintering stage to jointing stage was 4∶3∶3 and basic application to jointing stage was 4∶6.