我国林木与竹子引进历程与展望

通过大量文献调查和关键信息人访谈,分别回顾了我国引进林木与竹子的4个历程:新中国成立前、建国至改革开发前、改革开放至上世纪末和新世纪以来。通过比较发现从随机和偶然性引进为主发展到目前系统科学的计划引进为主。引进用途从单一的材用和简单的绿化用转向材用、观赏用和生态用等多种用途。主要引进资源在各时期都涉及桉树、杨树、松树等速生林木,且改革开放后达到盛期,而竹子的引进规模相对较小,但在速生和高观赏价值竹子引进方面开展了很多工作。研究指出,我国未来的引进工作将在很长一段时期内依然重视速生丰产等遗传特性;更加重视高观赏价值林木与竹子的引进;注重引进能够提高森林质量和改善生态环境林木与竹子;且生物技术手段的应用将更加突出;引进渠道管理和(生态)风险管理将要加强。

Progress and Prospect of Forest Trees and Bamboo Introduction in China

Through a large number of literature surveys and key informant interviews, the introduction progress of forest trees and bamboo resources were reviewed, including ＂before the foundation of new China＂, ＂from foundation of new China to the reform and opening up＂, ＂from the reform and opening up to the end of last century＂, and ＂since new century＂. Through comparison of the four periods, it was found that the previous random and accidental introduction has been replaced the current science-based and systematic planned introduction and the single purpose introduction of timber and greening species has been substituted by multipurpose introduction for timber, ornamental, ecological and other uses. Eucalyptus, Pinus and Populus have been the main species introduced in the four periods, and the introduction reached the peak after the reform and opening up. The introduction scale of bamboo resources has been relatively small but lots of work has been done in terms of introducing fast-growing and high ornamental bamboo resources. Besides, China has gradually introduced genetic resources for improving native species by means of biotechnology to create a new variety with independent property right. The study believed that these features result from China＇s larger demand for wood, more diverse social demand for forestry and continuous biotechnology improvement. Finally the study pointed out that fast growing forest trees and bamboo resources would be still of great importance in introduction work for a long run; more focus should be put on the introduction of high ornamental-value forest trees and bamboo resources as well as forest trees and bamboo which can improve forest quality and ameliorate ecological environment; biotechnology would be more applied; and the channel and （ecological） risk management for the introduction would be strengthened.