绿萝和常春藤主要挥发性成分及其对5种真菌的抑制活性

利用动态顶端采集和GC–MS系统，分析了绿萝和常春藤挥发性有机物的组分，其中绿萝鉴定出挥发性成分23种，常春藤30种。初步判定绿萝的萜烯类化合物有11种，占挥发物总量的64.73%，以α–蒎烯和莰烯含量最高，分别占30.67%和14.92%；常春藤的萜烯类化合物有13种，占挥发物总量的61.41%，也以α–蒎烯和莰烯含量为高，分别占28.98%和14.70%。利用α–蒎烯、莰烯和桉树脑单体对枝孢霉、附球菌、链格孢、青霉和黑曲霉进行了抑菌活性的测定，结果表明这3种挥发物单体在50 µL · mL-1浓度时对5种真菌的抑菌率均达100%；在10 µL · mL-1浓度时对黑曲霉的抑菌率分别为92%、85%和23%；在5 µL · mL-1浓度时，对青霉的抑菌率分别为60%、25%和74%。综合抑菌力的强弱为α–蒎烯 > 桉树脑 > 莰烯。

The Volatile Constituents Analysis of Scindapsus aureum and Hedera nepalensis var.sinensis and Their Inhibition Against Five Fungi

The volatile constituents of bunting（Scindapsus aureum）and Chinese ivy（Hedera nepalensis var. sinensis）were analysed by dynamic headspace-GC-MS analysis. Twenty-three volatile compounds were preliminary determined including 11 terpene compounds accounting for 64.73%（α-pinene and camphene were accounted for 30.67% and 14.92% respectively）in bunting. Thirty volatile compounds were preliminary determined including 13 terpene compounds accounting for 61.41%（α-pinene and camphene were accounted for 28.98% and 14.70% respectively）in Chinese ivy. The inhibitory effect of α-pinene，camphene and eucalyptole against Penicillium sp.，Aspergillus niger，Cladosporium sp.，Epicoccum sp. and Alternaria sp. were detected. The results showed that the inhibition rates were all 100% at 3 terpene monomers concentration of 50 µL · mL-1. The inhibition rates were 92%，85% and 23% at the concentration of 10 µL · mL-1 respectively，against Aspergillus niger，and were 60%，25% and 74% at the concentration of 5 µL · mL-1 respectively，against Penicillium sp. The bacteriostaticeffect，α-pinene was the best，eucalyptole was second and camphene was the worst in generally.