适宜机插的优质籼稻品种筛选及其评价指标体系

为了筛选适宜贵州稻区机插的优质籼稻品种，建立适宜机插优质籼稻品种的评价关键指标体系，以近年选育的34个优质籼稻品种为试验材料，在贵州省遵义市湄潭县进行机插试验，对各品种的秧苗素质以及机插条件下水稻分蘖生长、干物质积累、抗倒伏性、产量及其构成因素进行研究。结果表明，机插条件下34个优质籼稻的产量变幅为6.1~10.5 t·hm-2，结合两步聚类算法，以产量为依据将参试品种划分为适宜机插和不适宜机插两类。适宜机插优质籼稻类型主要表现为产量均高于8.25 t·hm-2，其成苗率高、秧苗均匀性好、幼苗健壮；分蘖早生快发，易形成充足的有效穗数；植株能获得较高的花前和花后干物质积累量，并重新分配到籽粒；茎秆粗壮，基部3个节间平均抗折力强，倒伏指数小。综合来看，F优498、晶两优534和蓉18优2348等15个优质籼稻品种适宜贵州地区机插，且适宜机插优质籼稻关键评价指标为：成苗率>85%，秧苗均匀性>1.5苗·cm-2；倒伏指数<150%，基部3个节间平均抗折力>1 500 g；产量>8.25 t·hm-2，有效穗数225×104～300×104 hm-2，每穗粒数>140粒，结实率>75%，成熟期干物质积累量>15 t·hm-2，收获指数>0.45。研究为机插专用优质籼稻品种选育及应用提供理论依据。

Screening and Evaluation of High-quality Indica Rice Cultivars Suitable for Mechanized Transplanting

In order to screen the high-quality indica rice cultivars suitable for mechanized transplanting and establish an evaluation system for mechanized transplanting rice in Guizhou, 34 high-quality indica rice cultivars were used as materials to compare the seedling quality, tillering growth, dry matter accumulation, lodging resistance, grain yield and yield components of rice under mechanized transplanting in Meitan, Zunyi, Guizhou province. The results showed that the grain yield of 34 high-quality indica rice ranged from 6.1 to 10.5 t·hm-2. Combined with a Twostep Cluster Algorithm, the 34 high-quality indica rice cultivars were divided into two types based on rice yield: suitable for mechanized transplanting rice (SMTR) and unsuitable for mechanized transplanting rice (UMTR). Cultivars in SMTR group had the grain yield higher than 8.25 t·hm-2, high seedling rate with good uniformity of seedlings and strong seedlings, more tillers and sufficient effective panicles, high dry matter amount of pre-anthesis stored and post-anthesis accumulated, strong culm with high value of the breaking strength of the three basal internode, and lower lodging index. In this study, 15 high-quality indica rice cultivars such as F you 498, Jingliangyou 534 and Rong 18 you 2348 were suitable for mechanized transplanting in Guizhou province. The key evaluation indicators for mechanized transplanting rice were as following: seedling rate >85%, seedling uniformity >1.5 seedlings·cm-2, lodging index < 150%, the average breaking strength of the three basal internodes > 1 500 g, grain yield >8.25 t·hm-2, effective panicles around 225×104~300×104 hm-2, spikelets per panicle >140, seed-setting rate >75%, dry matter accumulation amount at maturity > 15.0 t·hm-2, and harvest index > 0.45. The present research provided a theoretical basis for the selection and application of high-quality indica rice cultivars for mechanized transplanting.