Phylogeny, diversity, and species delimitation in some species of the Xiphinema americanum-group complex (Nematoda: Longidoridae), as inferred from nuclear and mitochondrial DNA sequences and morphology |
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Authors: | Carlos Gutiérrez-Gutiérrez Carolina Cantalapiedra-Navarrete Wilfrida Decraemer Nicola Vovlas Tom Prior Juan E Palomares Rius Pablo Castillo |
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Institution: | 1. Instituto de Agricultura Sostenible (IAS), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cient??ficas (CSIC), Apdo. 4084, Campus de Excelencia Internacional Agroalimentario, ceiA3, 14080, C??rdoba, Spain 2. Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences (RBINS), Vautierstraat 29, 1000, Brussels, Belgium 3. Department of Biology, Ghent University, Ledeganckstraat 35, B9000, Ghent, Belgium 4. Istituto per la Protezione delle Piante, UOS-Bari, Consiglio Nazionale delle Richerche (C.N.R.), Via Amendola 122/D, 70126, Bari, Italy 5. The Food and Environment research Agency (FERA), Sand Hutton, York, YO41 1LZ, UK
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Abstract: | During nematode surveys in southern Spain and Italy 14 populations of Xiphinema species tentatively identified as Xiphinema americanum-group were detected. Morphological and morphometrical studies identified three new species and six known Xiphinema americanum-group species, viz.: Xiphinema parabrevicolle n. sp., Xiphinema parapachydermum n. sp., Xiphinema paratenuicutis n. sp., Xiphinema duriense, Xiphinema incertum, Xiphinema opisthohysterum, Xiphinema pachtaicum, Xiphinema rivesi, and Xiphinema santos. The Xiphinema americanum-group is the most difficult Xiphinema species group for diagnosis since the morphology is very conservative and morphometric characters often overlap. This group includes vectors of several important plant pathogenic viruses that cause significant damage to a wide range of agricultural crops. Molecular characterisation of these species using D2-D3 expansion regions of 28S rRNA, 18S rRNA, ITS1-rRNA and the protein-coding mitochondrial gene, cytochrome oxidase c subunit 1 was carried out and maximum likelihood and Bayesian inference analysis were used to reconstruct phylogenetic relationships among these species and with other Xiphinema americanum-group species. |
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