浅议毒害草在草地农业生态系统中的作用

草原是发展畜牧业的物质基础, 也是影响全球气候变化的敏感区和大江大河重要的发源地和水源补给区。传统认为, 毒害草是草原的绿色杀手, 放牧牲畜的隐形敌人, 极大地制约了畜牧业的可持续发展。本文以草地农业系统理论为根据, 分析了毒害草在防风固沙、涵养水源、维护生物多样性、观赏价值、药用、放牧管理和牲畜采食等诸多方面的特殊价值, 认为毒害草是草原必不可少的组成部分, 在此基础上探讨草地退化的机理, 毒害草在草地农业生态系统中的地位, 以期为退化草地恢复、草原健康管理提供理论依据。

The roles of toxic and harmful grass in grassland agro-ecosystems

Grassland is not only the material basis for developing livestock husbandry, but also the sensitive area which response to global climate change as well as the important water supply area for the Yangtze River and the Yellow River. Toxic and harmful grass is an essential part of grassland, and has significant and special ecological function. Toxic and harmful grass was considered as the “Green killer” of grassland and the “Invisible enemy” of grazing animals in traditional research. There is no doubt that it restricted the sustainable development of livestock production tremendously. Based on literature data analysis, combining with the related experimental data, in the present paper we discussed the ecological function of toxic and harmful grass in grassland agro-ecosystems from different angles. We conclude that toxic and harmful grass plays huge potential economic values in such as windbreak and sand-fixation, water conservation, maintenance of biological diversity, ornamental value, grazing management, livestock feeding and so on. We elucidated the mechanism of grassland degradation and the rules of toxic and harmful grass in the grassland agro-ecosystems, which will provide a theory basis for recovery of degradated grassland and grassland management.