正阳县气象因素变化特征及对夏花生生长的影响

作物的生长发育、产量和品质的形成受到气象因素的制约。研讨作物对气象因素的要求及其反应规律,可为农作物生产管理提供科学依据和实践指导。分析了正阳县夏花生各生育时期所需的气象条件需求,利用正阳县1959—2018年近60 a来5—10月气温、降水、日照等气象资料,分析其变化特征,阐述各主要气象因素对夏花生生长的影响,同时指出花生常见病害与气象因素的相关性,并提出应对措施预防花生病害的发生,以期为全县夏花生生产提供科学依据。通过分析正阳县60 a来气象数据得出,正阳县年平均气温为15.2℃,年平均降水量为961 mm,年平均日照时数为1960.6 h,夏花生全生育期活动积温为3760.7℃,5—10月平均气温为23.2℃,平均日照总时数为952.0 h,平均降水量为697.9 mm,这些必备的光、热、水等气象因素可以为夏花生高产提供高积累、低消耗的有利保障,但各种气象因素合理配置即风调雨顺的年份才能使得花生高产优质,建议充分利用当地的气候资源,选取优良的花生品种,合理利用气象条件,进一步优化农业产业结构,同时密切关注当地天气预测、预报,把低温、冻害、暴雨、干旱等灾害性天气对夏花生生产造成的损失降到最低,提高农民收入。

Characteristics of Meteorological Factors and Their Effects on the Growth of Summer Peanut in Zhengyang County

Meteorological factors affect the growth,development,yield and quality of crops.Studying and mastering the requirement and law of crops on meteorological factors can provide scientific basis and practical guidance for crop production management.In this paper,the meteorological requirements for the growth period of summer peanut were analyzed,and the variation characteristics of temperature,precipitation,sunshine and other meteorological data from May to October in Zhengyang County during the last 60 years from 1959 to 2018 were analyzed.At the same time,the correlation between common peanut diseases and meteorological factors was briefly pointed out,and the countermeasures were put forward to prevent the occurrence of peanut diseases.The influence of major meteorological factors on the growth of summer peanut was expounded,so as to provide scientific basis for the production of summer peanut in the whole county.By analyzing meteorological datas of 60 years in Zhenyang County,average annual temperature is 15.2 ℃,average annual rainfall was 961 mm,the summer peanut active accumulated temperature in the whole stages temperature was 3 760.7 ℃,average temperature was 23.2 ℃,average sunshine hours were 952.0 h,and average rainfall was 697.9 mm,the essential light,heat,water and other weather conditions can offer the advantageous safeguard for yield high accumulation,low consumption of summer peanut.It is suggested that farmers should make full use of local climatic resources,select excellent peanut varieties,make rational use of meteorological conditions,further optimize the agricultural industrial structure,and pay close attention to local weather forecast,to minimize the loss of summer peanut production caused by low temperature,freezing injury,rainstorm and drought,to improve farmers’economic income.