株行配置对南疆冬小麦籽粒灌浆特性及产量的影响

为了探究适宜南疆冬小麦种植的株行配置模式,通过田间小区试验,研究了15 cm×1.7 cm、12.5 cm×2 cm、10 cm×2.5 cm、7.5 cm×3.3 cm、5 cm×5 cm共5个行、株距配置模式下2个穗型冬小麦品种(新冬22号和新冬50号)籽粒灌浆特性,用Logistic方程拟合籽粒灌浆过程,对南疆冬小麦籽粒灌浆特征参数进行了分析。结果表明,随着行距缩小,多穗型品种新冬22号达到最大灌浆速率的时间先推迟后提前,受快增期灌浆速率的影响,最大灌浆速率、平均灌浆速率均先降低后升高,千粒重先降低后增加;大穗型品种新冬50号达到最大灌浆速率时间随行距缩小而推迟,受渐增期、快增期、缓增期灌浆速率的影响,最大灌浆速率、平均灌浆速率呈降低趋势,千粒重逐渐降低。随着行距缩小、株距扩大,在未发生倒伏的情况下,两个品种的有效穗数和产量呈增加趋势。南疆400万株·hm~(-2)种植密度条件下,冬小麦5 cm×5 cm模式为最佳株行配置模式,但多穗型品种存在倒伏的风险。

Effect of Plant and Row Spacing on Grain Filling Characteristics and Yield of Winter Wheat in Southern Xinjiang

In order to explore the suitable planting pattern of winter wheat in Southern Xinjiang, a field experiment was conducted with wheat varietie Xindong 22(amultiple spike type) and Xindong 50(a large spike type) and five planting modes(15 cm×1.7 cm, 12.5 cm×2 cm, 10 cm×2.5 cm, 7.5 cm×3.3 cm and 5 cm×5 cm).The grain filling process was fitted with Logistic equation, and the characteristic parameters were analyzed. The results showed that with the decreasing of row spacing, the time to reach the maximum grain filling rate of Xindong 22 was delayed and then advanced.Affected by the grain filling rate during the rapid increasing period, the maximum grain filling rate and the averaged grain filling rate declined first and then increased,resulting in the 1 000 grain weight decreased first and then increased. In regarding of Xindong 50,the time of reaching the maximum filling rate postponed with the decreasing of row spacing.Due to the grain filling rate in the rapid increasing period, the maximum grain filling rate and average grain filling rate appeared the decreasing trends,resulting in the decline of the 1 000-grain weight. However, with the decreasing of row spacing and increasing of plant distance, under the conditions of no lodging, the effective ears increased,resulting in the increasing of grain yield. In Southern Xinjiang, with the planting density of 4×10⁶ plants·hm^-2, the 5 cm×5 cm was the most suitable planting mode, however, lodging would occur for the multiple spike type winter wheat.