Characterizing microtopographical effects on level-basin irrigation performance |
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| Institution: | 1. Instituto Geológico y Minero de España (IGME), Ríos Rosas 23, 28003 Madrid, Spain;2. Centro de Informação e Vigilância Sismovulcânica dos Açores, Rua Mãe de Deus, 9501-801 Ponta Delgada, Portugal;3. Instituto de Investigação em Vulcanologia e Avaliação de Riscos (IVAR), Universidade dos Açores, Rua Mãe de Deus, 9501-801 Ponta Delgada, Portugal;4. Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra, Sapienza Universita di Roma, Rome, Italy;5. CNR-Istituto di Geologia Ambientale e Geoingegneria, Rome, Italy;6. Institut de Ciències del Mar, ICM-CSIC, Passeig Marítim de la Barceloneta, 37-49, 08003 Barcelona. Spain;1. Research Area Geography, Soil Science and Geomorphology, Laboratory of Soil Science and Geoecology, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Rümelinstraße 19-23, D-72070 Tübingen, Germany;2. Department of Geography, University of Zürich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zürich, Switzerland;3. Department of Soil Science, Federal University of Viçosa, 36570-000 Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil;4. Instituto de Geología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito de la Investigación Científica s/n, 04510 México D.F., Mexico;1. Estrutura de Missão para a Extensão da Plataforma Continental, Rua Costa Pinto 165, 2770-047 Paço de Arcos, Portugal;2. Universidade de Évora, Instituto de Ciências da Terra, Dep. de Geociências, Rua Romão Ramalho 59, 7000-671 Évora, Portugal;3. Empresa de Desenvolvimento Mineiro, Rua Sampaio e Pina 1 3Dto, 1070-248 Lisboa, Portugal;4. Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, IDL-Instituto Dom Luiz, Campo Grande, Edifício C8, Piso 3, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal;5. Centre for Geobiology, University of Bergen, Allégaten 41, 5007 Bergen, Norway;6. Instituto Politécnico de Lisboa, Instituto Superior de Engenharia de Lisboa (ISEL/ADF), Rua Conselheiro Emídio Navarro 1, 1959-007 Lisboa, Portugal;7. Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris, Sorbonne Paris Cité, CNRS (UMR 7154), 1 Rue Jussieu, 75238 Paris Cedex, France;8. Instituto Português do Mar e da Atmosfera, Rua C do Aeroporto, 1749-077 Lisboa, Portugal;9. Ministério da Agricultura e Mar, Terreiro do Paço, Lisboa, Portugal |
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| Abstract: | Microtopography has long been recognized as one of the key variables in level-basin irrigation performance, although little effort has been devoted to establish its relevance. In this work, experimental data are used to quantify the influence of microtopography on irrigation performance. An irrigation evaluation was performed on a small level-basin (256 m2) LASER levelled to zero slope. Irrigation depth was gravimetrically measured and estimated at the 49 nodes of a regular network. Data from the irrigation evaluation and a two-dimensional flat-bed model were used to estimate irrigation depth. Irrigation times, soil surface elevation and distance to the inlet were estimated at the same nodes, and a correlation matrix was computed. Results showed that soil surface elevation was highly and significantly correlated with the times of advance (0.72571), recession ( −0.81571) and opportunity ( −0.85271), and with the measured irrigation depth ( −0.58371). Distribution uniformity using soil water measurements was 71.0%. Estimates from the irrigation evaluation and the two-dimensional model were 85.3% and 94.9%, respectively. The irrigation evaluation procedure could explain 3071% of the measured variability in irrigation depth. A large part of the unexplained variance in measured irrigation depth seems to be due to the spatial variation of infiltration properties. Predictions by the two-dimensional model were not significantly related to the measured values. A simple method was devised to estimate microtopography-adjusted irrigation performance from the results of a flat bed model and the standard deviation of elevation. Microtopography can have an important effect on level-basin irrigation performance. Models not considering this variable may incur large errors when simulating irrigation performance. |
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