马铃薯国外引种的探讨和建议

自1934年以来,我国共引进国外马铃薯普通栽培品种(系)1 315份,90余个杂交组合的实生种子100余万粒,野生种和原始栽培种共13个种的无性系110份,这些种质资源中许多已被直接或间接用于生产或育种。其中,通过多年多点鉴定直接用于生产的品种32个,从引进的杂交实生种子经系统选育推广的品种10余个,直接用于马铃薯有性杂交的国外资源占亲本总数的90%以上,诸多国外品种已成为我国高产、优质和多抗育种的骨干亲本。因此,加强国外马铃薯资源的引进、评价和利用,对于丰富我国马铃薯种质资源遗传基础意义重大,也是应对生物资源国际竞争日益激烈的战略决策。本文在总结我国马铃薯国外引种成就基础上,根据马铃薯国外引种出现的新情况,提出今后强化引种的建议。

Discussion and Suggestion of Overseas Potato Germplasm Introduction

A total of 1 315 potato cultivars(clones),over 1 million true potato seed(TPS) progenies of more than 90 crosses and 110 clones of 13 wild and primitive species have been introduced from foreign countries since 1934.The most of them were used in potato production and breeding program directly or indirectly.Thirty two clones out of them were used directly as varieties in potato production after evaluation of multi-year and multi-site.More than 10 clones selected from the progenies of crosses introduced were released as cultivars.The potato germplasm used as parental lines accounted for about 90% out of the total parental lines.Many foreign varieties became main parents in potato breeding programs in China for high-yielding,good quality and multi-resistances.It is significant to enhance the introduction,evaluation and utilization.It is also important for enriching genetic basis of the germplasm of China,which is strategic counter-measure for international competition of biological resources increasingly.This paper made summarization based on the achievements of foreign potato germplasm introduction,and suggested that the introduction should be enhanced and be put forward for the future according to the changing situation.