湖南省茶园害虫群落演替趋势与防治对策

湖南省茶园害虫群落演替趋势明显，半个多世纪来，随着茶叶生产的发展和栽培管理措施与防治方法的变更，害虫种类逐渐增至300多种。优势种群从当初少数食叶性蛾类及钻蚊枝干害虫，发展到多种食叶害虫，尤其是吸汁式芽梢害虫更为猖獗，经分析认为：主要是由于化学农药的大量使用，尤其是滥用、乱用、杀伤天敌；大量氮肥的单一使用，使芽叶含量偏高，茶树抗病虫能力下降，大面积单一化种植，留叶采摘等栽培方法的实施；防治方法单一，重治不重防等原因引起的。对此，认为生态条件较好的山区和半山区茶园应推广生态控制，大面积茶园实行综合治理，强调农业防治，提倡生物防治，严格控制和合理使用化学农药。

Community Succession Tendency of Pest in Tea Plantations in Hunan and the Control Measures

In Hunan province the community succession tendency of tea plant pest was clear. During the past half century,with the development of tea production, the number of the pest species gradually added up to more than 300.Moreover,the dominant populations have been developing from a few leaf eating moth caterpillars and stem boring borers to many leaf eating pests, especially piercing sucking pest injuring the bud and the tip. Through analyses,this was due to a vast amount of application and misapplication of the chemical insecticides,which killed natural enemies;single application of a great quantity of synthetic nitrogen fertilizers,which resulted in excessive nitrogen contents in tender buds and the resistance of tea plants to pests;single cultivation in large area plants and the cultivating means of pucking tea bud with certain tender leaf left.The control method was single,more measures in control and less in prevention.In view of this, in the tea regions with good conditions the ecological control must be carried on.In large plantations,integrated pest management should be carried out,ie agro control,bio control and appropriate application of chemical pesticides.