深耕培肥改良瘠薄黑土理化性质及提高大豆产量的研究

为明确深耕培肥对瘠薄黑土的改土效果,采用大田对比方法,以依安地区黑土为供试土壤,开展深耕培肥对瘠薄黑土土壤理化性质影响及对大豆产量的调查研究。结果表明:深耕培肥可以有效降低10~30 cm土层土壤容重、硬度,提高土壤通气性,容重第1年和第2年分别下降0.09 g cm~(-3)和0.05 g cm~(-3),通气系数分别提高为34.01×10~(-5) cm s~(-1)和10.89×10~(-5) cm s~(-1),10 cm以下土层土壤硬度与对照相比呈明显下降趋势;同时,深耕培肥后20~30 cm土层有效磷含量显著提高,两年增加幅度为15.05~16.23 mg kg~(-1);深耕培肥可以提高土壤速效钾含量,增加幅度为10.19~10.38 mg kg~(-1);并且深耕培肥提高了大豆产量,两年平均提高大豆产量达9.61%。

Deep Tillage and Fertilization Improved Physichemical Characteristics and Soybean Yield in Barren Black Soil

Field experiment was carried out in Yian areas,Heilongjiang Province,to study soil physical and chemical characteristics and soybean yield after deep tillage and fertilization in barren black soil.The result showed that soil bulk density and hardness decreased and soil aeration increased above 10-30 cm soil layer after deep tillage and fertilization.Soil bulk density decreased by 0.09 g cm-3 and 0.05 g cm-3,and soil aeration coefficient increased by 34.01 × 10-5 cm s-1 and 10.89 × 10-5 cm s-1,respectively,at the first year and second year of deep tillage and fertilization compared with traditional tillage.Deep tillage and fertilization for two years decreased soil hardness below 10 cm soil layer,increased soil available P and K,respectively,by 15.05-16.23 mg kg-1 and by 10.19-10.38 mg kg-1 above 20-30 cm soil layer,and increased the soybean yield by an average of 9.61％.